Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states.
Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00253-016-8006-6
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Sadowsky, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staley, Christopher;Weingarden, Alexa R.;Khoruts, Alexander;Sadowsky, Michael J.
初级胆汁酸在胆固醇代谢、脂质消化、宿主-微生物相互作用和人类宿主中的调节途径中起重要作用。虽然大多数胆汁酸通过肠肝循环被重吸收和再循环，但约5%的胆汁酸作为结肠中细菌生物转化的底物。参与各种转化的酶已经从培养的肠道细菌中得到表征，并揭示了类群特异性分布。最近，生物信息学方法揭示了这些酶的异构体的更大的多样性，以及它们被发现的微生物物种，因此，胆汁酸转化肠道微生物群所发挥的功能作用和所产生的次级胆汁酸在胆汁酸池中的分布，可能会受到微生物群落结构和功能的深刻影响。胆汁酸和胆汁酸池的组成历来被假设与几种疾病状态相关，包括复发性艰难梭菌感染、炎症性肠病、代谢综合征和几种癌症。然而，最近的重点已经放在如何微生物群在肠道微生物群可能会改变胆汁酸池，潜在地导致或减轻疾病的发作。这篇综述强调了目前对肠道微生物群落，胆汁酸生物转化和疾病状态之间相互作用的理解，并提出了未来的方向，以更好地了解这些复杂的关联。
Primary bile acids serve important roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, host-microbe interactions, and regulatory pathways in the human host. While most bile acids are reabsorbed and recycled via enterohepatic cycling, ~5% serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation in the colon. Enzymes involved in various transformations have been characterized from cultured gut bacteria and reveal taxa-specific distribution. More recently, bioinformatic approaches have revealed greater diversity in isoforms of these enzymes, and the microbial species in which they are found. Thus, the functional roles played by the bile acid-transforming gut microbiota and the distribution of resulting secondary bile acids, in the bile acid pool, may be profoundly affected by microbial community structure and function. Bile acids and the composition of the bile acid pool have historically been hypothesized to be associated with several disease states, including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and several cancers. Recently, however, emphasis has been placed on how microbial communities in the dysbiotic gut may alter the bile acid pool to potentially cause or mitigate disease onset. This review highlights the current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbial community, bile acid biotransformation, and disease states, and addresses future directions to better understand these complex associations.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Centuori, Sara M.;Martinez, Jesse D.
通讯作者：
Martinez, Jesse D.
影响因子：
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作者：
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CHATEAU, N;DESCHAMPS, AM;SASSI, AH
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作者：
BUCHWALD, H;STOLLER, DK;VARCO, RL
通讯作者：
VARCO, RL