Risk assessment and heuristics: How cognitive shortcuts can fuel the spread of COVID-19.
Risk assessment and heuristics: How cognitive shortcuts can fuel the spread of COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.023
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kiecolt-Glaser JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madison AA;Way BM;Beauchaine TP;Kiecolt-Glaser JK
We have four lines of defense against pathogens: behavior (Schalle r and Park, 2011); skin and mucosal barriers; the rapid, general innate response; and the slow, targeted adaptive immune response. SARS-CoV-2 is novel and transmissible even without symptoms (Bai et al., 2020), and therefore avoidance behaviors, such as wearing masks and social distancing, are especially critical. Given rampant spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the US, inconsistent adherence to evidence-based public health guidelines is at first glance puzzling. A 10-wave survey of almost 140,000 US adults in all 50 states between April and November 2020 revealed that adherence to public health guidelines, except for mask wearing, dramatically declined from Spring to Winter (Lazer et al., 2020). For example, in April 74% of respondents denied being in a room with a non-household member in the past 24 h, compared to 55% in October (Lazer et al., 2020). Demographics and partisanship play important roles, with women, Asian Americans, Black Americans, the elderly, the highly educated, and Democrats showing the highest adherence, and with an ever-widening partisan gap (Lazer et al., 2020). Yet even the most adherent have lapses. Indeed, everyone can fall prey to common heuristics and biases (cognitive shortcuts) that undermine individuals’ risk assessments and help explain risky behaviors. Still widely cited today, Tversky and Kahneman’s incisive Science article specifies common heuristics that everyone—even physicians and mental health professionals—routinely use to conserve cognitive resources (Tversky and Kahneman, 1974). Although often harmless, these cognitive shortcuts can be deadly during a pandemic. Below we outline three primary heuristics that can bias risk assessment and promote unsafe behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: availability, representativeness, and anchoring.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Eikenberry, Steffen E.;Mancuso, Marina;Gumel, Abba B.
通讯作者：
Gumel, Abba B.
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Schaller, Mark;Park, Justin H.
通讯作者：
Park, Justin H.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
TVERSKY, A;KAHNEMAN, D
通讯作者：
KAHNEMAN, D