Prevalence of violent advertisements in New York City subways.
Prevalence of violent advertisements in New York City subways.
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DOI：
10.34172/hpp.2021.27
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wilkie DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fullwood D;Cameron C;Means S;Anton S;Stickley ZL;Hale R;Wilkie DJ
Background: Media advertisements displaying aggression and violence in public transit spaces represent a public health concern. The high visibility of ads likely contributes to increased levels of aggression among New York City (NYC) youths traveling across boroughs. Given the importance of the physical, psychological and social environment in shaping the lives of youth, additional attention is warranted regarding how media advertisements are promoted within public transit spaces across America. The aim of this study was to document quantity and placement of advertisements illustrating aggressive and violent content throughout the NYC public transit subway system. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a five-day period in June 2017. Direct observation was used to document all advertisements within every NYC Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) subway station (N = 472) in four NYC boroughs: Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens. Static media advertisements with/without aggressive and violent content displayed on subway platform wall panels above and underground were counted, photographed and described with a mobile app. Results: Aggressive and violent ads in the MTA were pervasive. Subway platforms displayed advertising consisting of guns, individuals fighting and attacking, and words with aggressive language. Conclusion: Public transit spaces provide unregulated visual and verbal messages without citizen participation. Subway stations in NYC and across the country prohibition stance could be a model for violent content reduction. Given the pervasive and tragic effects of aggression and violence on youth and adults, transit agencies could inundate passengers with positive advertising content. Dialogue between citizens and transit agencies to remove noxious messages from public transit spaces warrants the same discussion given to banning alcohol advertisements.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00579-1
发表时间：
2016-06-11
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Patton GC;Sawyer SM;Santelli JS;Ross DA;Afifi R;Allen NB;Arora M;Azzopardi P;Baldwin W;Bonell C;Kakuma R;Kennedy E;Mahon J;McGovern T;Mokdad AH;Patel V;Petroni S;Reavley N;Taiwo K;Waldfogel J;Wickremarathne D;Barroso C;Bhutta Z;Fatusi AO;Mattoo A;Diers J;Fang J;Ferguson J;Ssewamala F;Viner RM
通讯作者：
Viner RM
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Krcmar, Marina;Hight, Anna
通讯作者：
Hight, Anna
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Gaylord-Harden, Noni K.;Cunningham, Jamila A.;Zelencik, Brett
通讯作者：
Zelencik, Brett
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.ss6708a1
发表时间：
2018-06-15
期刊：
Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kann L;McManus T;Harris WA;Shanklin SL;Flint KH;Queen B;Lowry R;Chyen D;Whittle L;Thornton J;Lim C;Bradford D;Yamakawa Y;Leon M;Brener N;Ethier KA
通讯作者：
Ethier KA
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Dubow, Eric F.;Huesmann, L. Rowell;Smith, Cathy
通讯作者：
Smith, Cathy