Schools and obesity prevention: creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity.
Schools and obesity prevention: creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00548.x
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发表时间：
2009-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schwartz MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Story M;Nanney MS;Schwartz MB
研究一致表明，大多数美国儿童的饮食不符合美国人饮食指南的建议，也没有达到足够的日常体力活动水平。因此，今天超重的儿童比美国历史上任何时候都多。学校提供了许多机会，通过创造儿童健康饮食和定期参加体育活动的环境，制定预防肥胖的战略。本文讨论了学校在预防肥胖工作中的作用。目前的问题，在学校的食品和体育活动的环境进行审查，以及联邦，州和地方政策有关的食品和体育活动的标准，在学校。本文围绕四个关键领域组织：（1）学校食品环境和政策，（2）学校体育活动环境和政策，（3）学校身体质量指数测量，（4）学校健康政策。还讨论了加速变革的建议。这篇文章发现，（1）竞争性食品（在联邦政府报销的学校餐之外出售的食品）在学校，特别是中学里广泛存在。研究表明，学校出售的零食和饮料的供应与学生摄入的总热量、软饮料、总脂肪和饱和脂肪含量高以及水果和蔬菜摄入量低有关;（2）体育活动可以添加到学校课程中，而不会对学业产生影响，也可以提供身体、情感和社会效益。政策领导主要来自地区，然后是州，在很小的程度上，联邦政府;（3）很少有研究检查以学校为基础的BMI测量程序的有效性或影响;以及（4）对当地学校健康政策的早期比较分析表明，最强有力的政策出现在较大的学区和有资格获得教育的学生人数较多的学区。免费或减价午餐。研究表明，学校在改善学校食品和体育活动环境方面取得了一些进展，但还需要做更多的工作。需要更强有力的政策为在校学生提供更健康的膳食;限制他们在上学期间获得低营养、能量密集的食物;并增加学校体育活动的频率、强度和持续时间。
Research consistently shows that the majority of American children do not consume diets that meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, nor do they achieve adequate levels of daily physical activity. As a result, more children are overweight today than at any other time in U.S. history. Schools offer many opportunities to develop strategies to prevent obesity by creating environments in which children eat healthfully and engage regularly in physical activity. This article discusses the role of schools in obesity prevention efforts. Current issues in schools’ food and physical activity environments are examined, as well as federal, state, and local policies related to food and physical activity standards in schools. The article is organized around four key areas: (1) school food environments and policies, (2) school physical activity environments and policies, (3) school body mass index measurements, and (4) school wellness policies. Recommendations for accelerating change also are addressed. The article found that (1) competitive foods (foods sold outside of federally reimbursed school meals) are widely available in schools, especially secondary schools. Studies have related the availability of snacks and drinks sold in schools to students’ high intake of total calories, soft drinks, total fat and saturated fat, and lower intake of fruits and vegetables; (2) physical activity can be added to the school curriculum without academic consequences and also can offer physical, emotional, and social benefits. Policy leadership has come predominantly from the districts, then the states, and, to a much lesser extent, the federal government; (3) few studies have examined the effectiveness or impact of school-based BMI measurement programs; and (4) early comparative analyses of local school wellness policies suggest that the strongest policies are found in larger school districts and districts with a greater number of students eligible for a free or reduced-price lunch. Studies show that schools have been making some progress in improving the school food and physical activity environments but that much more work is needed. Stronger policies are needed to provide healthier meals to students at schools; limit their access to low-nutrient, energy-dense foods during the school day; and increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity at school.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Kubik, Martha Y.;Fulkerson, Jayne A.;Rieland, Gayle
通讯作者：
Rieland, Gayle
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Cullen, KW;Zakeri, I
通讯作者：
Zakeri, I
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kubik, MY;Lytle, LA;Story, M
通讯作者：
Story, M
DOI：
10.1249/01.mss.0000235359.16685.a3
发表时间：
2006-12-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mahar, Matthew T.;Murphy, Sheila K.;Raedeke, Thomas D.
通讯作者：
Raedeke, Thomas D.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cullen, KW;Thompson, DI
通讯作者：
Thompson, DI