Nucleoprotein of a Rice Rhabdovirus Serves as the Effector to Attenuate Hemolymph Melanization and Facilitate Viral Persistent Propagation in its Leafhopper Vector.
Nucleoprotein of a Rice Rhabdovirus Serves as the Effector to Attenuate Hemolymph Melanization and Facilitate Viral Persistent Propagation in its Leafhopper Vector.
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水稻弹状病毒的核蛋白作为效应子，减弱血淋巴黑化并促进病毒在叶蝉载体中持续繁殖
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2022.904244
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
节肢动物血淋巴的黑化是一种保守的防御策略，以抵御入侵病原体的感染。许多植物病毒通过昆虫媒介持续传播，必须克服血淋巴黑化。在这里，我们确定，植物弹状病毒水稻条纹花叶病毒（RSMV）已演变为逃避在叶蝉载体的血淋巴中的抗病毒黑化反应。在病毒粒子进入载体血淋巴细胞后，病毒核蛋白N最初合成并直接与酚氧化酶原（PPO）（黑化途径的核心组分）相互作用，并且该过程强烈激活PPO的表达。此外，这种相互作用可以有效地抑制酶原多酚氧化酶（PPO）的蛋白水解切割活性酚氧化酶（PO），最终抑制血淋巴黑化。PPO表达的敲低或用PO抑制剂处理也抑制血淋巴黑化并导致病毒过度积累，最终导致高昆虫死亡率。与此功能相一致，微量注射N到叶蝉载体减弱黑化，促进病毒感染。这些结果表明，RSMV N作为效应，以减弱血淋巴黑化，并促进病毒在其昆虫载体的持续繁殖。我们的研究结果为理解昆虫免疫防御和病毒反防御的持续军备竞赛提供了见解。
Melanization in the hemolymph of arthropods is a conserved defense strategy against infection by invading pathogens. Numerous plant viruses are persistently transmitted by insect vectors, and must overcome hemolymph melanization. Here, we determine that the plant rhabdovirus rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) has evolved to evade the antiviral melanization response in the hemolymph in leafhopepr vectors. After virions enter vector hemolymph cells, viral nucleoprotein N is initially synthesized and directly interacts with prophenoloxidase (PPO), a core component of the melanization pathway and this process strongly activates the expression of PPO. Furthermore, such interaction could effectively inhibit the proteolytic cleavage of the zymogen PPO to active phenoloxidase (PO), finally suppressing hemolymph melanization. The knockdown of PPO expression or treatment with the PO inhibitor also suppresses hemolymph melanization and causes viral excessive accumulation, finally causing a high insect mortality rate. Consistent with this function, microinjection of N into leafhopper vectors attenuates melanization and promotes viral infection. These findings demonstrate that RSMV N serves as the effector to attenuate hemolymph melanization and facilitate viral persistent propagation in its insect vector. Our findings provide the insights in the understanding of ongoing arms race of insect immunity defense and viral counter-defense.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Kingsolver MB;Huang Z;Hardy RW
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影响因子：
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