Ambient temperature and dietary supplementation interact to shape mosquito vector competence for malaria.
Ambient temperature and dietary supplementation interact to shape mosquito vector competence for malaria.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.020
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Thomas, Matthew B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murdock, Courtney C.;Blanford, Simon;Luckhart, Shirley;Thomas, Matthew B.
环境因素在多大程度上影响按蚊传播疟原虫的能力，目前尚不清楚。环境变化，如环境温度的变化，不一定会同等地影响宿主和寄生虫过程的速率，可能会对感染结果产生复杂的影响。作为原理的证明，我们使用斯氏按蚊和啮齿类疟疾寄生虫，约氏疟原虫，研究一系列恒定温度对宿主防御的一个方面（检测为一氧化氮合酶基因- NOS表达的改变）对寄生虫感染的影响。我们实验性地通过补充必需氨基酸L-精氨酸（L-Arg）来增强蚊子中肠对感染的免疫力，L-Arg通过感染诱导的A.史蒂芬西在中等温度下，补充降低卵囊患病率，卵囊强度和子孢子患病率，表明寄生虫感染的结果可能取决于NOS介导的中肠免疫的速率。然而，在极端低温和高温下，无论是否补充，感染都受到严重限制。L-Arg的影响似乎是介导的NO依赖性的负反馈NOS的表达，证明了在L-Arg治疗组的温度下，补充降低寄生虫感染的NOS表达抑制。这些结果表明，需要考虑的直接影响（如蚊子体温对寄生虫生理的影响）和间接影响（如通过蚊子的生理/免疫的变化介导）的环境因素对蚊子-疟疾的相互作用，以了解自然变化的载体能力。
The extent to which environmental factors influence the ability of Anopheles mosquitoes to transmit malaria parasites remains poorly explored. Environmental variation, such as change in ambient temperature, will not necessarily influence the rates of host and parasite processes equivalently, potentially resulting in complex effects on infection outcomes. As proof of principle, we used Anopheles stephensi and the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, to examine the effects of a range of constant temperatures on one aspect of host defense (detected as alterations in expression of nitric oxide synthase gene – NOS) to parasite infection. We experimentally boosted mosquito midgut immunity to infection through dietary supplementation with the essential amino acid L-Arginine (L-Arg), which increases midgut NO levels by infection-induced NOS catalysis in A. stephensi. At intermediate temperatures, supplementation reduced oocyst prevalence, oocyst intensity, and sporozoite prevalence suggesting that the outcome of parasite infection was potentially dependent upon the rate of NOS-mediated midgut immunity. At low and high temperature extremes, however, infection was severely constrained irrespective of supplementation. The effects of L-Arg appeared to be mediated by NO-dependent negative feedback on NOS expression, as evidenced by depressed NOS expression in L-Arg treated groups at temperatures where supplementation decreased parasite infection. These results suggest the need to consider the direct (e.g. effects of mosquito body temperature on parasite physiology) and indirect effects (e.g. mediated through changes in mosquito physiology / immunity) of environmental factors on mosquito-malaria interactions in order to understand natural variation in vector competence.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Dong Y;Aguilar R;Xi Z;Warr E;Mongin E;Dimopoulos G
通讯作者：
Dimopoulos G
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.10.5700
发表时间：
1998-05-12
影响因子：
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3.8
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3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Eapen, Alex