Widespread occurrence of secondary lipid biosynthesis potential in microbial lineages.

Widespread occurrence of secondary lipid biosynthesis potential in microbial lineages.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0020146
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Allen EE
Allen EE
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shulse CN;Allen EE

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长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),如二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20:5 n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6 n-3)的细菌生产仅限于海洋γ-变形菌的一个狭窄子集。负责从头细菌PUFA生物合成的基因,命名为pfaEABCD,编码类似于I型迭代脂肪酸和聚酮酶的大的多结构域蛋白质复合物,在本文中称为“Pfa酶”。除了从海洋细菌的原型Pfa合酶基因产物,我们已经确定了同源的I型FAS/PKS基因簇在不同的微生物谱系跨越45属代表10门,推测参与长链脂肪酸的生物合成。总共鉴定了20种不同类型的基因簇。总的来说,我们建议指定“次级脂质”来描述这些生物合成途径和产品,与“次级代谢物”的白话一致的主张。系统基因组分析揭示了不同的生物合成途径内的高度功能保守。二级脂质合成酶功能分支和分类组成员之间的不一致性,结合密切相关的菌株中缺乏直链淀粉基因簇,表明水平基因转移有助于在不同的微生物谱系中传播专门的脂质生物合成活动。
Bacterial production of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), is constrained to a narrow subset of marine γ-proteobacteria. The genes responsible for de novo bacterial PUFA biosynthesis, designated pfaEABCD, encode large, multi-domain protein complexes akin to type I iterative fatty acid and polyketide synthases, herein referred to as “Pfa synthases”. In addition to the archetypal Pfa synthase gene products from marine bacteria, we have identified homologous type I FAS/PKS gene clusters in diverse microbial lineages spanning 45 genera representing 10 phyla, presumed to be involved in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. In total, 20 distinct types of gene clusters were identified. Collectively, we propose the designation of “secondary lipids” to describe these biosynthetic pathways and products, a proposition consistent with the “secondary metabolite” vernacular. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a high degree of functional conservation within distinct biosynthetic pathways. Incongruence between secondary lipid synthase functional clades and taxonomic group membership combined with the lack of orthologous gene clusters in closely related strains suggests horizontal gene transfer has contributed to the dissemination of specialized lipid biosynthetic activities across disparate microbial lineages.
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