Explaining the diverse values assigned to environmental benefits across countries
Explaining the diverse values assigned to environmental benefits across countries
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解释各国环境效益的不同价值
DOI：
10.1038/s41893-022-00914-8
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Kuriyama Koichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murakami Kayo;Itsubo Norihiro;Kuriyama Koichi
在环境问题上建立公众共识的主要障碍之一是，不同的个人和不同的区域对环境利益的评价不同。由于缺乏公众共识，国际和国内协定遭到破坏，妨碍了系统的有效实施。然而，差距从何而来？在这里，我们通过分析在G20国家收集的大规模调查数据，提供了有助于理解这种多样性的证据。结合生命周期影响评估和经济估值技术，我们的分析表明，人们对环境效益的看法实际上是多种多样的，但取决于一些社会指标，如预期寿命，收入和性别平等，以及个人条件，如相对收入和主观幸福感。随着这些社会和个人条件的改善，人们改变了优先事项，更多地强调不太有形的环境利益（生物多样性保护），而不是相对有形的（与健康有关的）利益。关注这些决定因素并解决不平等和福祉问题，对于建立公众共识和切实解决全球环境问题至关重要。我们的研究结果可以为全球共识和可持续发展社会提供一个可行的步骤。
One of the key obstacles to building public consensus regarding environmental problems is the fact that environmental benefits are valued differently by different individuals and across different regions. Lack of public consensus has fractured international and domestic agreements, preventing effective system implementation. However, where does the disparity come from? Here, we provide evidence that can help to understand such diversity by analysing large-scale survey data collected across G20 countries. Combining lifecycle impact assessment and economic valuation techniques, our analysis shows that people’s perceptions of environmental benefits are in fact diverse, but are determined by a few social indicators such as life expectancy, income and gender equality, as well as individual conditions such as relative income and subjective well-being. As these social- and individual-level conditions improve, people shift priorities and place more emphasis on less tangible environmental benefits (biodiversity conservation) rather than relatively tangible (health-related) ones. Focusing on such determinants and addressing the problems of inequality and well-being are critical to building public consensus and tackling global environmental issues practically. Our findings can illuminate a feasible step to global consensus and a sustainable society.
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