Academic Entrepreneurship and Exchange of Scientific Resources
Academic Entrepreneurship and Exchange of Scientific Resources
复制标题
学术创业与科技资源交流
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Baba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sotaro Shibayama;John P. Walsh;Y. Baba
本研究以生命与材料科学领域的日本大学科学家为样本，考察学术创业如何影响学术科学家在共享科学资源方面的规范和行为。结果表明，科学领域的高水平学术企业家精神与科学界传统上推荐的赠送分享(即普遍交流)形式的依赖较少相关，与对赠与者的直接利益(即直接交流)的重视程度更高，以及分享的总体频率较低有关。我们观察到分享行为的这些变化，即使是在本身并不活跃于创业的科学家个人中也是如此；这表明，取决于机构背景的科学规范发生了普遍变化。这些发现反映了当前科学政策的内在矛盾，这些政策同时鼓励开放科学和研究成果的商业应用，并表明对商业活动的日益重视可能从根本上改变科学的规范结构。
This study uses a sample of Japanese university scientists in life and materials sciences to examine how academic entrepreneurship has affected the norms and behaviors of academic scientists regarding sharing scientific resources. Results indicate that high levels of academic entrepreneurship in a scientific field are associated with less reliance on the gift-giving form of sharing (i.e., generalized exchange) traditionally recommended by scientific communities, and with a greater emphasis on direct benefits for givers (i.e., direct exchange), as well as a lower overall frequency of sharing. We observe these shifts in sharing behavior even among individual scientists who are not themselves entrepreneurially active; this suggests a general shift in scientific norms contingent on institutional contexts. These findings reflect contradictions inherent in current science policies that simultaneously encourage open science as well as commercial application of research results, and they suggest that the increasing emphasis on commercial activity may fundamentally change the normative structure of science.
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1997.03540390054035
发表时间：
1997-04
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
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作者：
D. Blumenthal;E. Campbell;Melissa S. Anderson;N. Causino;K. Louis
通讯作者：
D. Blumenthal;E. Campbell;Melissa S. Anderson;N. Causino;K. Louis