Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity.
Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity.
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酒精和药物滥用住院患者的自我报告：影响可靠性和有效性的因素。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03118.x
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
DelBoca,FK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown,J;Kranzler,HR;DelBoca,FK
关于药物滥用的自我报告数据的可靠性和有效性经常受到质疑。为了确定如何最好地提高自我报告的准确性，研究了可能影响自我报告准确性的三个因素：访谈时的酒精状态;认知功能水平;以及自我报告数据收集方法。受试者是234名住院药物滥用治疗单位。通过入院当天的个人访谈和住院第一周内的问卷调查收集自我报告数据。自我报告涉及在入院前几天使用酒精，可卡因和大麻。重测信度的问卷数据产生的可靠性系数为0.88，0.91，和0.88，酒精，可卡因，大麻，分别。试验间间隔的变化对可靠性系数几乎没有影响。访谈数据进行了比较，毒理学分析的血液和尿液样本收集入院。总体而言，这种比较显示自我报告是有效的，酒精的口头报告和实验室数据之间的一致性为97%，可卡因为93%，大麻为84%。访谈数据与问卷回答的比较也显示自我报告是有效的：90%的人同意酒精，93%的人同意可卡因，81%的人同意大麻。认知功能水平不影响三种物质自我报告的有效性。最近饮酒对自我报告的大麻使用的有效性也没有统计学显著影响，无论测试的有效性的操作形式如何。然而，当访谈数据与毒理学指标进行比较时，BAC阴性受试者对自我报告的可卡因使用的有效性系数（kappa = 0.87）显著高于BAC阳性患者（kappa = 0.43）。在比较访谈和问卷调查数据时，没有发现类似的发现。当访谈数据与毒理学指标进行比较时，发现可卡因自我报告的入院酒精状态和认知功能之间存在相互作用。酒精阴性受试者的认知受损和未受损受试者（分别为M = 93%和M = 94%）以及酒精阳性、认知未受损受试者（M = 94%）的一致率相当高，但酒精阳性、认知受损受试者（M = 67%）的一致率则不高。结果进行了讨论的自我报告的有效性和策略的优化响应精度的威胁。
The reliability and validity of self‐report data regarding substance abuse has often been questioned. To determine how best to enhance the veracity of self‐report, three factors which might affect self‐report veracity were examined: alcohol status at time of interview; level of cognitive functioning; and method of self‐report data collection. Subjects were 234 admissions to an inpatient substance abuse treatment unit. Self‐report data were collected via both personal interview on the day of admission and questionnaire within the first week of stay. Self‐reports concerned use of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana in the days preceding admission. Test–retest reliability for the questionnaire data produced reliability coefficients of 0.88, 0.91, and 0.88, for alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana, respectively. Variation in inter‐test interval had virtually no effect upon reliability coefficients. Interview data were compared to toxicologic analyses of blood and urine samples collected on admission. Overall, this comparison showed self‐reports to be valid, with a 97% agreement between verbal report and laboratory data for alcohol, 93% for cocaine, and 84% for marijuana. The comparison of interview data with questionnaire responses also showed self‐reports to be valid: 90% agreement for alcohol, 93% for cocaine, and 81% for marijuana. Level of cognitive function did not influence the validity of self‐reports for any of the three substances. Recent consumption of alcohol also had no statistically significant effect on the validity of self‐reported marijuana use, regardless of the operational form of validity tested. However, BAC‐negative subjects produced a significantly greater validity coefficient for self‐reported cocaine use (kappa = 0.87) than did BAC‐positive patients (kappa = 0.43), when interview data were compared with toxicologic measures. A similar finding was not uncovered when interview and questionnaire data were compared. An interaction between admission alcohol status and cognitive function was uncovered for cocaine self‐reports when interview data was compared with toxicologic measures. The rate of agreement for alcohol‐negative subjects is quite high for both cognitively impaired and unimpaired subjects (M = 93% and M = 94%, respectively) as well as for alcohol‐positive, cognitively unimpaired subjects (M = 94%), but not for alcohol–positive, cognitively impaired subjects (M = 67%). Results are discussed in terms of threats to the validity of self‐report and strategies for the optimization of response accuracy.
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