HAWC as a Ground-Based Space-Weather Observatory

HAWC as a Ground-Based Space-Weather Observatory
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HAWC 作为地面空间天气观测站

DOI:
10.1007/s11207-021-01827-z
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alvarez, C.;Angeles Camacho, J. R.;Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.;Arunbabu, K. P.;Avila Rojas, D.;Baghmanyan, V.;Belmont-Moreno, E.;BenZvi, S. Y.;Brisbois, C.;Caballero-Mora, K. S.

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高海拔水切伦科夫(HAWC)伽马射线天文台位于赤道(纬度)附近,海拔4100米。HAWC有295个水切伦科夫探测器(WCD),每个包含四个光电倍增管(PMT)。HAWC的主要目的是确定宇宙中高能过程产生的高能伽马射线的能量和到达方向,HAWC还有一个计算二次粒子到达探测器的标量系统。在这项工作中,我们证明了HAWC的标度系统由于其大面积和高灵敏度而成为太阳调制和空间天气研究的理想仪器。为了准备用于低能量日球层研究的尺度系统,我们对阵列的每个PMT的效率变化进行了建模和校正,从而能够高精度地测量变化。利用奇异值分解方法,我们修正了阵列中所有pmt由于效率、增益和工作电压的变化而产生的速率偏差。我们分离并去除大气对tdc标度数据采集系统测量的pmt计数率的调制。特别是,在HAWC站点的大气压力表现出振荡行为,周期为~ 12小时,我们利用这一周期性来估计HAWC tdc -标度系统的压力系数。在tdc -标度系统上进行的这些校正使HAWC tdc -标度系统成为太阳调制和空间天气研究的理想仪器。作为这种能力的例子,我们提出了在HAWC观测到的三个时间尺度上太阳调制宇宙射线的初步分析,具有前所未有的精度。
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is located close to the equator (latitudeN), at an altitude of 4100 m above sea level. HAWC has 295 water Cherenkov detectors (WCD), each containing four photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The main purpose of HAWC is the determination of the energy and arrival direction of very high energy gamma rays produced by energetic processes in the universe, HAWC also has a scaler system which counts the arrival of secondary particles to the detector. In this work we show that the scaler system of HAWC is an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies due to its large area and high sensitivity. In order to prepare the scaler system for low energy heliospheric studies, we model and correct the efficiency variation of each PMT of the array, which result in a capability to measure variationswith high accuracy. Using the singular value decomposition method, we correct the rate deviations of all PMTs of the array, due to changes in efficiency, gain and operational voltage. We isolate and remove the atmospheric modulations of the PMTs count rates measured by the TDC-scaler data acquisition system. In particular, the atmospheric pressure at the HAWC site exhibits an oscillating behavior with a period of ∼12 hours and we make use of this periodic property to estimate the pressure coefficients for the HAWC TDC-scaler system. These corrections performed on the TDC-scaler system make the HAWC TDC-scaler system an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies. As examples of this capability, we present the preliminary analysis of the solar modulation of cosmic rays at three time scales observed by HAWC, with an unprecedented accuracy.
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