Diverse Impacts of HIV Latency-Reversing Agents on CD8+ T-Cell Function: Implications for HIV Cure.

Diverse Impacts of HIV Latency-Reversing Agents on CD8+ T-Cell Function: Implications for HIV Cure.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01452
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Jones RB
Jones RB
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clutton GT;Jones RB

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抗逆转录病毒治疗方案可以持久地抑制HIV复制,但不能治愈感染。这在一定程度上是由于潜伏的具有复制能力的病毒的休眠CD4+ t细胞池的持久性。目前,大量的临床和临床前研究正在通过结合药理学潜伏期逆转和免疫效应器(如hiv特异性CD8+ t细胞)来清除这种病毒库,这种免疫效应器能够消除重新激活的靶标,即所谓的“冲击和杀伤”方法。然而,一些研究表明,延迟逆转剂(LRAs)可能会影响CD8+ t细胞的功能。当前的综述旨在从有效利用CD8+ t细胞的角度,概述在实施“休克-杀伤”策略方面的最新进展和面临的挑战。我们回顾和背景研究表明,LRAs经常对CD8+ t细胞功能产生意想不到的影响,既有有害的,也有有益的。我们确定并试图弥合病毒再激活之间的差距,通过检测RNA或蛋白质来测量,并将病毒抗原真正呈现给CD8+ t细胞。最后,我们强调了效应(CD8+)和靶(CD4+)细胞侧的因素,这些因素有助于被感染细胞识别是否导致杀死/消除。这些观点可能有助于形成“休克-杀伤”的综合观点,并对治疗发展产生影响。
Antiretroviral therapy regimens durably suppress HIV replication, but do not cure infection. This is partially attributable to the persistence of long-lived pools of resting CD4+ T-cells harboring latent replication-competent virus. Substantial clinical and pre-clinical research is currently being directed at purging this viral reservoir by combining pharmacological latency reversal with immune effectors, such as HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells, capable of eliminating reactivated targets—the so-called “shock-and-kill” approach. However, several studies indicate that the latency-reversing agents (LRAs) may affect CD8+ T-cell function. The current review aims to frame recent advances, and ongoing challenges, in implementing “shock-and-kill” strategies from the perspective of effectively harnessing CD8+ T-cells. We review and contextualize findings indicating that LRAs often have unintended impacts on CD8+ T-cell function, both detrimental and beneficial. We identify and attempt to bridge the gap between viral reactivation, as measured by the detection of RNA or protein, and bona fide presentation of viral antigens to CD8+ T-cells. Finally, we highlight factors on the effector (CD8+) and target (CD4+) cell sides that contribute to whether or not infected-cell recognition results in killing/elimination. These perspectives may contribute to an integrated view of “shock-and-kill,” with implications for therapeutic development.
T细胞共刺激和共抑制的分子机制。
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