Highly Dynamic Gene Family Evolution Suggests Changing Roles for PON Genes Within Metazoa.
Highly Dynamic Gene Family Evolution Suggests Changing Roles for PON Genes Within Metazoa.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evad011
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发表时间：
2023-02-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Clark, Nathan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucas, Sarah A. M.;Graham, Allie M.;Presnell, Jason S.;Clark, Nathan L.
关键词：
基因家族大小的变化已被证明有助于适应不同的选择压力。这包括基因复制以增加酶底物的剂量或多样化，以及由于放松选择而导致的基因缺失。我们最近发现，PON1基因，一种具有芳基酯酶和内酯酶活性的酶，在不同的水生哺乳动物谱系中反复丢失，这表明PON基因家族对环境变化有反应。我们进一步研究了这些基因家族大小的波动是否仅限于哺乳动物，以及大约何时该基因家族在哺乳动物中扩展。利用112个后生动物蛋白质模型，我们探索了PON家族的进化历史，以表征该基因家族的动态进化。我们发现在缓步动物、头索动物和棘皮动物中有多个独立的扩张事件。此外，在单孔目动物和海参中也出现了部分基因丢失事件，而在节肢动物、尾索动物、扁形动物、栉水母和扁形动物中似乎是完全丢失。此外，我们表明，哺乳动物的扩展到三个PON旁系发生在所有哺乳动物的祖先后，蜥脚类的分歧，但之前的分歧单孔目兽。我们还提供了证据，一个新的PON的扩张内的刷尾负鼠。在不断变化的环境中，面对重复的扩增和缺失，我们建议一系列的选择性压力，包括病原体感染和减轻氧化损伤，可能会影响这个动态的基因家族在后生动物中的多样化。
Change in gene family size has been shown to facilitate adaptation to different selective pressures. This includes gene duplication to increase dosage or diversification of enzymatic substrates and gene deletion due to relaxed selection. We recently found that the PON1 gene, an enzyme with arylesterase and lactonase activity, was lost repeatedly in different aquatic mammalian lineages, suggesting that the PON gene family is responsive to environmental change. We further investigated if these fluctuations in gene family size were restricted to mammals and approximately when this gene family was expanded within mammals. Using 112 metazoan protein models, we explored the evolutionary history of the PON family to characterize the dynamic evolution of this gene family. We found that there have been multiple, independent expansion events in tardigrades, cephalochordates, and echinoderms. In addition, there have been partial gene loss events in monotremes and sea cucumbers and what appears to be complete loss in arthropods, urochordates, platyhelminths, ctenophores, and placozoans. In addition, we show the mammalian expansion to three PON paralogs occurred in the ancestor of all mammals after the divergence of sauropsida but before the divergence of monotremes from therians. We also provide evidence of a novel PON expansion within the brushtail possum. In the face of repeated expansions and deletions in the context of changing environments, we suggest a range of selective pressures, including pathogen infection and mitigation of oxidative damage, are likely influencing the diversification of this dynamic gene family across metazoa.
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