A Comprehensive Study of the Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles Using Femtosecond, Nanosecond, and Continuous Wave Lasers

A Comprehensive Study of the Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles Using Femtosecond, Nanosecond, and Continuous Wave Lasers
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使用飞秒、纳秒和连续波激光器烧结铜纳米粒子的综合研究

DOI:
10.1115/1.4038455
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Cullinan, Michael A.
Cullinan, Michael A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Roy, Nilabh K.;Dibua, Obehi G.;Jou, William;He, Feng;Jeong, Jihoon;Wang, Yaguo;Cullinan, Michael A.

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高导电性和导热性加上低成本使铜(Cu)成为铝的诱人替代品,用于制造封装应用中的互连。为了利用晶体管尺寸不断减小的好处,需要增加电子芯片上的输入/输出引脚数,从而最小化芯片到板互连的尺寸。Cu纳米颗粒(NP)油墨的激光烧结可以用作开发这些微米尺寸的3D互连结构的有前途的工艺。然而,用于Cu NP烧结的确切加工窗口不是众所周知的。因此,本文提出了一个广泛的实验研究的烧结加工窗口与不同的激光,包括飞秒(fs),纳秒(ns),和连续波(CW)激光。Cu层厚度和激光曝光时间的加工窗口的依赖关系也进行了研究。一个简化的模型来估计最佳的激光烧结窗口的铜纳米粒子使用脉冲激光,并预测估计与实验结果进行比较。鉴于该模型的简单性,它示出提供良好的估计所需的流量的烧结的开始和良好的烧结的铜纳米颗粒的加工窗口。
A high electrical and thermal conductivity coupled with low costs make copper (Cu) an enticing alternative to aluminum for the fabrication of interconnects in packaging applications. To tap into the benefits of the ever-reducing size of transistors, it is required to increase the input/output pin count on electronic chips, and thus, minimize the size of chip to board interconnects. Laser sintering of Cu nanoparticle (NP) inks can serve as a promising process for developing these micron sized, 3D interconnect structures. However, the exact processing windows for Cu NP sintering are not well known. Therefore, this paper presents an extensive experimental investigation of the sintering processing window with different lasers including femtosecond (fs), nanosecond (ns), and continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The dependence of the processing window on Cu layer thicknesses and laser exposure durations has also been investigated. A simplified model to estimate optimum laser sintering windows for Cu NPs using pulsed lasers is presented and the predicted estimates are compared against the experimental results. Given the simplicity of the model, it is shown to provide good estimates for fluence required for the onset of sintering and the processing window for good sintering of Cu NPs.
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