The Postcranial Musculoskeletal System of Xenarthrans: Insights from over Two Centuries of Research and Future Directions
The Postcranial Musculoskeletal System of Xenarthrans: Insights from over Two Centuries of Research and Future Directions
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Xenarthrans 的颅后肌肉骨骼系统：两个多世纪研究的见解和未来方向
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
J. Nyakatura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Amson;J. Nyakatura
异节龙在哺乳动物中脱颖而出有多种原因，其中之一是它们的肌肉骨骼颅后特化。现存的犰狳、食蚁兽和树懒具有典型的适应挖掘和/或不同的树栖生活方式的特征。许多已灭绝的xenarthrans在大小和形态上与它们现存的亲戚有很大的不同，这引发了自18世纪末以来的功能解释。在这里，我们回顾了不同的方法，已被用来调查现存和灭绝的xenarthrans颅后肌肉骨骼系统的功能方面。具体而言，我们解决定性和定量骨形态（包括几何形态测量学），身体大小和异速生长，骨内部结构，肌肉学，以及在体内，离体和在硅片实验。最后，一个简短的帐户上给出了这些分析，包括xenarthrans深入了解灵长类动物解剖。这篇评论有助于确定潜在的未来方向的xenarthran解剖功能分析，一个传统的两个多世纪的历史。
Xenarthrans stand out among mammals for various reasons, one of them being their musculoskeletal postcranial specializations. Extant armadillos, anteaters, and sloths feature archetypical adaptations to digging and/or diverse arboreal lifestyles. Numerous extinct xenarthrans dramatically depart in size and morphology from their extant relatives, which has sparked functional interpretations since the end of the eighteenth century. Here, we review the diverse methodological approaches that have been used to investigate functional aspects of the postcranial musculoskeletal system in extant and extinct xenarthrans. Specifically, we address qualitative and quantitative bone morphology (including geometric morphometrics), body size and allometry, bone inner structure, myology, as well as in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico experimentation. Finally, a short account is given on those analyses that included xenarthrans to gain insight into primate anatomy. This review helped to identify potential future directions for the functional analysis of the xenarthran anatomy, a tradition over two centuries old.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gignac PM;Kley NJ;Clarke JA;Colbert MW;Morhardt AC;Cerio D;Cost IN;Cox PG;Daza JD;Early CM;Echols MS;Henkelman RM;Herdina AN;Holliday CM;Li Z;Mahlow K;Merchant S;Müller J;Orsbon CP;Paluh DJ;Thies ML;Tsai HP;Witmer LM
通讯作者：
Witmer LM