Biosonar resolving power: echo-acoustic perception of surface structures in the submillimeter range
Biosonar resolving power: echo-acoustic perception of surface structures in the submillimeter range
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生物声纳分辨率：亚毫米范围内表面结构的回声声学感知
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
O. von Helversen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ralph Simon;M. Knörnschild;M. Tschapka;Annkathrin Schneider;Nadine Passauer;E. Kalko;O. von Helversen
两个点仍然可以彼此分离的最小距离定义了视觉系统的分辨率。在回声声学的背景下，分辨能力通常被测量为距离轴上两个反射表面的最小可感知距离，并且发现对于使用调频（FM）回声定位呼叫的蝙蝠来说大约是半毫米。只有少数研究用实物测量了这种阈值，大多数情况下蝙蝠是在虚拟回声上训练的，由计算机产生并回放的回声;此外，蝙蝠在接受刺激时是坐着的。在这些研究中，发现结构深度在200和340 μm之间存在差异，但这些低阈值从未在自由飞行的蝙蝠和真实的物理对象中得到验证。在这里，我们展示了行为证据，表明表面结构的回声声学分辨能力实际上可以与计算机生成的回声测量的一样低，甚至更低，有时低于100 μm。我们发现，只有当一个目标在蝙蝠回声定位呼叫的频率范围内表现出光谱干扰，而另一个目标没有表现出这种特殊的精细辨别能力。这一结果表明，表面结构很可能被视为一个频谱质量，而不是被视为严格的时域。指出声纳的分辨能力直接取决于所用信号的最高频率/最短波长。
The minimum distance for which two points still can be separated from each other defines the resolving power of a visual system. In an echo-acoustic context, the resolving power is usually measured as the smallest perceivable distance of two reflecting surfaces on the range axis and is found to be around half a millimeter for bats employing frequency modulated (FM) echolocation calls. Only few studies measured such thresholds with physical objects, most often bats were trained on virtual echoes i.e., echoes generated and played back by a computer; moreover, bats were sitting while they received the stimuli. In these studies differences in structure depth between 200 and 340 μm were found. However, these low thresholds were never verified for free-flying bats and real physical objects. Here, we show behavioral evidence that the echo-acoustic resolving power for surface structures in fact can be as low as measured for computer generated echoes and even lower, sometimes below 100 μm. We found this exceptional fine discrimination ability only when one of the targets showed spectral interferences in the frequency range of the bats′ echolocation call while the other target did not. This result indicates that surface structure is likely to be perceived as a spectral quality rather than being perceived strictly in the time domain. Further, it points out that sonar resolving power directly depends on the highest frequency/shortest wavelength of the signal employed.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
SAILLANT, PA;SIMMONS, JA;DEAR, SP
通讯作者：
DEAR, SP
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.21.12647
发表时间：
1998-10-13
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Simmons, JA;Ferragamo, MJ;Moss, CF
通讯作者：
Moss, CF
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Simon, Ralph;Holderied, Marc W.;von Helversen, Otto
通讯作者：
von Helversen, Otto