A dynamical model of growth and maturation in Drosophila.
A dynamical model of growth and maturation in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2313224120
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发表时间：
2023-12-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Shingleton, Alexander W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tyson, John J.;Monshizadeh, Amirali;Shvartsman, Stanislav Y.;Shingleton, Alexander W.
停止生长的决定对动物的发育至关重要。在人类和其他物种中，这发生在青春期的开始，由类固醇激素的产生引发，导致从少年到成年的转变。引发青春期的因素几乎完全未知，但似乎与达到特定的体型有关，这表明了一种尺寸感知机制。这项研究的重点是果蝇变态，相当于青春期，这显然是由达到一个临界体重在幼虫发育过程中触发。令人惊讶的是，该研究的数学模型表明，临界体重现象并不直接反映大小感应机制，而是由身体大小，类固醇激素和营养信号之间的相互作用引起的，这些信号在发育早期启动变态。停止生长和成熟为成年人的决定是决定成年人身体大小的发展的关键点，影响成年人生物学的多个方面。在许多动物中，生长停止是激素释放的结果，似乎与达到特定的身体大小或条件有关。然而，动物用来启动激素合成的大小感应机制却知之甚少。在这里，我们开发了一个简单的数学模型，在果蝇的生长停止，这是表面上触发的最后一龄早期达到临界体重（CW）。CW的获得与类固醇激素蜕皮激素的合成有关，蜕皮激素导致幼虫停止生长，化蛹并变形为成虫。我们的模型表明，与预期相反，大小感应机制，启动变态发生在幼虫达到CW之前，也就是说，临界重量现象是一个下游的后果，早期的大小依赖的发展决策，而不是决策点本身。此外，这种大小感应机制不需要直接评估身体大小，而是从身体大小，蜕皮激素和营养信号之间的相互作用中出现。由于我们模型的许多方面在所有动物中都是进化保守的，因此该模型可以为理解动物如何从幼年形态成熟到成年形态提供一个通用框架。
The decision to stop growth is critical in an animal’s development. In humans and other species, this occurs at the onset of puberty, triggered by steroid hormone production that causes the transition from the juvenile to adult form. The factors triggering puberty are almost completely unknown but appear to be linked to reaching a specific body size, suggesting a size-sensing mechanism. This study focuses on fruit-fly metamorphosis, equivalent to puberty, which is ostensibly triggered by attaining a critical weight during larval development. Surprisingly, the study’s mathematical model suggests that the critical-weight phenomenon does not directly reflect a size-sensing mechanism, but arises from interactions between body size, steroid hormones, and nutritional signaling that initiate metamorphosis earlier in development. The decision to stop growing and mature into an adult is a critical point in development that determines adult body size, impacting multiple aspects of an adult’s biology. In many animals, growth cessation is a consequence of hormone release that appears to be tied to the attainment of a particular body size or condition. Nevertheless, the size-sensing mechanism animals use to initiate hormone synthesis is poorly understood. Here, we develop a simple mathematical model of growth cessation in Drosophila melanogaster, which is ostensibly triggered by the attainment of a critical weight (CW) early in the last instar. Attainment of CW is correlated with the synthesis of the steroid hormone ecdysone, which causes a larva to stop growing, pupate, and metamorphose into the adult form. Our model suggests that, contrary to expectation, the size-sensing mechanism that initiates metamorphosis occurs before the larva reaches CW; that is, the critical-weight phenomenon is a downstream consequence of an earlier size-dependent developmental decision, not a decision point itself. Further, this size-sensing mechanism does not require a direct assessment of body size but emerges from the interactions between body size, ecdysone, and nutritional signaling. Because many aspects of our model are evolutionarily conserved among all animals, the model may provide a general framework for understanding how animals commit to maturing from their juvenile to adult form.
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/nqaa304
发表时间：
2021-01-04
期刊：
The American journal of clinical nutrition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bygdell M;Kindblom JM;Jansson JO;Ohlsson C
通讯作者：
Ohlsson C
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Brogiolo, W;Stocker, H;Hafen, E
通讯作者：
Hafen, E
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Beadle, GW;Tatum, EL;Clancy, CW
通讯作者：
Clancy, CW
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Hironaka, Ken-ichi;Fujimoto, Koichi;Nishimura, Takashi
通讯作者：
Nishimura, Takashi