The Emergence and Evolution of Problematic Properties: Onset, Persistence, Aggravation, and Desistance
The Emergence and Evolution of Problematic Properties: Onset, Persistence, Aggravation, and Desistance
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问题性质的出现和演变：发作、持续、加重和停止
DOI：
10.1007/s10940-022-09542-z
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Hangen, Forrest
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O’Brien, Daniel T.;Ristea, Alina;Tucker, Riley;Hangen, Forrest
有问题的属性越来越受到学者和实践者的关注，但很少有人知道它们是如何出现和演变的。我们研究了生命历程理论所提出的四种现象，这些现象反映了犯罪和财产混乱的稳定性和变化：问题的发生;问题的持续性;对更严重类型问题的澄清;以及问题的停止。我们试图确定的频率和动态each.MethodsWe分析如何住宅包裹（类似的属性）在波士顿，MA从2011年到2018年的犯罪和混乱的配置文件之间转移。911份急件和311份请求为所有包裹提供了身体障碍、社会障碍和暴力的六项措施。K-means聚类将每个包裹放入每年六个犯罪和混乱概况中的一个。马尔可夫链量化的属性之间的配置文件年到year-to-year.ResultsOnset是相对罕见的，更经常表现为混乱，而不是暴力。局势恶化的途径从不太严重的情况发展到暴力和混乱的混合。当这些途径沿着降级，然后完全停止问题时，更有可能发生停止。在高于平均水平的犯罪的社区，持久性更普遍，而停止往往最终停止，甚至相对于当地的expectations.ConclusionsThe结果提供了深入的研究和实践关注的犯罪和混乱的趋势，在有问题的属性。它特别谈到了对稳定和变化的理解;不同类型的障碍的作用;以及问题属性干预所需的工具包。
ObjectivesScholars and practitioners have paid increasing attention to problematic properties, but little is known about how they emerge and evolve. We examine four phenomena suggested by life-course theory that reflect stability and change in crime and disorder at properties:onsetof issues;persistenceof issues;aggravationto more serious types of issues; anddesistanceof issues. We sought to identify the frequency and dynamics of each.MethodsWe analyze how residential parcels (similar to properties) in Boston, MA shifted between profiles of crime and disorder from 2011 to 2018. 911 dispatches and 311 requests provided six measures of physical disorder, social disorder, and violence for all parcels. K-means clustering placed each parcel into one of six profiles of crime and disorder for each year. Markov chains quantified how properties moved between profiles year-to-year.ResultsOnset was relatively infrequent and more often manifested as disorder than violence. Pathways of aggravation led from less serious profiles to a mixture of violence and disorder. Desistance was more likely to occur as de-escalations along these pathways then complete cessation of issues. In neighborhoods with above-average crime, persistence was more prevalent whereas desistance less often culminated in cessation, even relative to local expectations.ConclusionsThe results offer insights for further research and practice attentive to trends of crime and disorder at problematic properties. It especially speaks to the understanding of stability and change; the role of different types of disorder; and the toolkit needed for problem properties interventions.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
J. Chaiken;S. Fienberg;A. Reiss,
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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Winship, Christopher
DOI：
10.2307/2295455
发表时间：
1988-01
期刊：
Journal of Negro Education
影响因子：
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作者：
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1.5
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