The Gains of Greater Granularity: The Presence and Persistence of Problem Properties in Urban Neighborhoods

The Gains of Greater Granularity: The Presence and Persistence of Problem Properties in Urban Neighborhoods
复制标题

更大粒度的收益:城市社区中问题房产的存在和持续存在

DOI:
10.1007/s10940-016-9330-9
复制
发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Winship, Christopher
Winship, Christopher
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
O’Brien, Daniel Tumminelli;Winship, Christopher

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

目标本研究将日益重视的微观场所应用于地址分析,评估犯罪和骚乱水平升高的“问题财产”的存在和持续性。它评估了除了对社区和街道段进行分析之外,这些额外细节提供的见解。方法我们使用了波士顿市 911 和 311 系统在 2011 年至 2013 年期间收到的超过 2,000,000 个经过地理编码的紧急和非紧急请求,计算了所有地址的暴力犯罪、身体紊乱和社会紊乱的六项指数 (n= 123,265)。我们将地址与其街道段 (n= 13,767) 和人口普查区 (n= 178) 联系起来,创建了一个三级层次结构,支持一系列多级泊松分层模型。结果不到 1% 的地址生成了 25% 的犯罪和骚乱报告。在所有索引中,95-99% 的方差出现在地址级别,尽管在街道段和社区级别存在显着的聚集。具有滞后预测变量的模型发现,对于所有三个地理层面的所有结果而言,犯罪和骚乱水平多年来一直持续存在,并且在较高地理层面上的影响更大。值得注意的是,大约 15% 的地址在一年内产生了犯罪或骚乱,而在另一年则没有。结论分析表明,在考虑将地址与高阶地理区域结合起来时,地方犯罪学和公共安全管理都面临着新的机遇。我们探索实证工作的方向,包括针对问题属性的执法政策的进一步实验和评估。
ObjectivesThis study applies the growing emphasis on micro-places to the analysis of addresses, assessing the presence and persistence of “problem properties” with elevated levels of crime and disorder. It evaluates what insights this additional detail offers beyond the analysis of neighborhoods and street segments.MethodsWe used over 2,000,000 geocoded emergency and non-emergency requests received by the City of Boston’s 911 and 311 systems from 2011–2013 to calculate six indices of violent crime, physical disorder, and social disorder for all addresses (n= 123,265). We linked addresses to their street segment (n= 13,767) and census tract (n= 178), creating a three-level hierarchy that enabled a series of multilevel Poisson hierarchical models.ResultsLess than 1% of addresses generated 25% of reports of crime and disorder. Across indices, 95–99% of variance was at the address level, though there was significant clustering at the street segment and neighborhood levels. Models with lag predictors found that levels of crime and disorder persisted across years for all outcomes at all three geographic levels, with stronger effects at higher geographic levels. Distinctively, ~15% of addresses generated crime or disorder in one year and not in the other.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests new opportunities for both the criminology of place and the management of public safety in considering addresses in conjunction with higher-order geographies. We explore directions for empirical work including the further experimentation with and evaluation of law enforcement policies targeting problem properties.
DOI: 10.1177/0022427810384136
发表时间: 2011-02-01
影响因子: 3.2
作者:
Andresen, Martin A.;Malleson, Nicolas
通讯作者: Malleson, Nicolas
伦敦人民的生活和劳动
DOI: --
发表时间: --
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
C. Booth
通讯作者: C. Booth
DOI: 10.1177/1477370808095124
发表时间: 2008-10-01
影响因子: 1.9
作者:
Bernasco, Wim
通讯作者: Bernasco, Wim
识别、解释和瞄准入室盗窃“热点”
DOI: --
发表时间: 1995
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
T. Bennett
通讯作者: T. Bennett
财产犯罪受害:个人和地区影响的作用
DOI: 10.1177/026975809500300402
发表时间: 1995
影响因子: 1.5
作者:
A. Trickett;D. Osborn;D. Ellingworth
通讯作者: D. Ellingworth