Advances in Cryptococcus genomics: insights into the evolution of pathogenesis.
Advances in Cryptococcus genomics: insights into the evolution of pathogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1590/0074-02760170473
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Desjardins CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuomo CA;Rhodes J;Desjardins CA
隐球菌是隐球菌性脑膜炎的病原体，是免疫功能低下个体死亡的重要来源。对这种真菌病原体的分子流行病学的初步研究利用基因分型方法描述了两种真菌的遗传多样性和生物地理特征，即新型隐球菌和加蒂隐球菌。对这两个物种的代表进行全基因组测序，得到了广泛的下游研究和基因组资源的参考汇编。随着全基因组测序的日益普及，这两个物种现在已经有了数百个单独的分离物测序，为隐球菌的进化和多样化提供了精细的见解，并允许首次全基因组关联研究，以确定与人类毒力相关的遗传变异。测序也已开始检查长期感染期间分离株的微进化，并确定特定于暴发谱系的变异，突出了超突变在短时间尺度内进化的潜在作用。我们可以预见，测序技术的进一步进步和微生物基因组的大规模测序，包括宏基因组学方法，将继续完善我们对隐球菌进化如何驱动其成功作为病原体的看法。
Cryptococcus species are the causative agents of cryptococcal meningitis, a significant source of mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Initial work on the molecular epidemiology of this fungal pathogen utilized genotyping approaches to describe the genetic diversity and biogeography of two species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Whole genome sequencing of representatives of both species resulted in reference assemblies enabling a wide array of downstream studies and genomic resources. With the increasing availability of whole genome sequencing, both species have now had hundreds of individual isolates sequenced, providing fine-scale insight into the evolution and diversification of Cryptococcus and allowing for the first genome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants associated with human virulence. Sequencing has also begun to examine the microevolution of isolates during prolonged infection and to identify variants specific to outbreak lineages, highlighting the potential role of hyper-mutation in evolving within short time scales. We can anticipate that further advances in sequencing technology and sequencing microbial genomes at scale, including metagenomics approaches, will continue to refine our view of how the evolution of Cryptococcus drives its success as a pathogen.
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