Population mixing promotes arms race host-parasite coevolution.

Population mixing promotes arms race host-parasite coevolution.
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种群混合促进武器竞赛宿主 - 寄生虫共同进化。

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2014.2297
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发表时间:
2015-01-07
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Buckling A
Buckling A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gómez P;Ashby B;Buckling A

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宿主-寄生虫共同进化的后果在很大程度上取决于定性共同进化动力学:选择是否波动(波动选择动态;FSD),或者是否朝着增加感染性/抵抗力(军备竞赛动态;ARD)。遗传学和生态学在决定共同进化是遵循 FSD 还是 ARD 方面都可以发挥重要作用,但 FSD 转变为 ARD 的生态条件以及相反的生态条件尚不清楚。种群混合程度被认为会增加宿主对寄生虫的接触,因此选择更大的抵抗力和传染性范围,我们假设这会促进 ARD。我们通过在土壤微观世界中共同进化细菌和病毒来测试这一点,发现种群混合将细菌-病毒共同进化从 FSD 转变为 ARD。一个简单的理论模型产生了类似的定性结果,表明增加宿主接触寄生虫的机制往往会推动 ARD 的发展。随着群体混合的增加,从 FSD 到 ARD 的转变可能有助于解释不同宿主-寄生虫系统之间共同进化动力学的变化,更具体地说,解释实验室和现场细菌-病毒共同进化研究之间观察到的差异。
The consequences of host–parasite coevolution are highly contingent on the qualitative coevolutionary dynamics: whether selection fluctuates (fluctuating selection dynamic; FSD), or is directional towards increasing infectivity/resistance (arms race dynamic; ARD). Both genetics and ecology can play an important role in determining whether coevolution follows FSD or ARD, but the ecological conditions under which FSD shifts to ARD, and vice versa, are not well understood. The degree of population mixing is thought to increase host exposure to parasites, hence selecting for greater resistance and infectivity ranges, and we hypothesize this promotes ARD. We tested this by coevolving bacteria and viruses in soil microcosms and found that population mixing shifted bacteria–virus coevolution from FSD to ARD. A simple theoretical model produced qualitatively similar results, showing that mechanisms that increase host exposure to parasites tend to push dynamics towards ARD. The shift from FSD to ARD with increased population mixing may help to explain variation in coevolutionary dynamics between different host–parasite systems, and more specifically the observed discrepancies between laboratory and field bacteria–virus coevolutionary studies.
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