Does genetic diversity limit disease spread in natural host populations?

Does genetic diversity limit disease spread in natural host populations?
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DOI:
10.1038/hdy.2012.33
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发表时间:
2012-10
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Lively, C. M.
Lively, C. M.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
King, K. C.;Lively, C. M.

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人们普遍认为,遗传同质的宿主群体比遗传多样化的群体更容易受到感染。其基本思想被称为“单一栽培效应”,在农业研究中已有详细记载。野生环境中遗传多样性较低可能是由于瓶颈(即创始人效应)、双亲近交或自体受精造成的,其中任何一个都可能增加流行病的风险。宿主遗传多样性可以缓冲种群免受自然界流行病的影响,但尚不清楚需要多少多样性才能防止疾病传播。最近的理论和实证研究,特别是水蚤种群的研究,有助于确定遗传多样性可以减少寄生虫传播。在这里,我们回顾了当前的理论工作和经验证据,并建议将新的重点放在寻找“多样性阈值”上。
It is a commonly held view that genetically homogenous host populations are more vulnerable to infection than genetically diverse populations. The underlying idea, known as the ‘monoculture effect,' is well documented in agricultural studies. Low genetic diversity in the wild can result from bottlenecks (that is, founder effects), biparental inbreeding or self-fertilization, any of which might increase the risk of epidemics. Host genetic diversity could buffer populations against epidemics in nature, but it is not clear how much diversity is required to prevent disease spread. Recent theoretical and empirical studies, particularly in Daphnia populations, have helped to establish that genetic diversity can reduce parasite transmission. Here, we review the present theoretical work and empirical evidence, and we suggest a new focus on finding ‘diversity thresholds.'
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