The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies.

The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528
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发表时间:
2022-08-31
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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Joubert综合征(JS)、Meckel综合征(MKS)和肾单位萎缩(NPH)纤毛病变谱可能是过去半个世纪孟德尔人类遗传学进步和挑战的典型代表。在理解这些条件方面的进展说明了人类遗传学的许多核心概念。仅JS表型是由40多个基因的致病性变体引起的;值得注意的是,所有相关蛋白质都在初级纤毛中及其周围起作用。初级纤毛是几乎无处不在的,微管为基础的细胞器,在发育和体内平衡中起着至关重要的作用。从细胞伸出,这些细胞触角感知不同的信号,并介导Hedgehog和其他关键信号通路。睫状体功能障碍会导致许多称为睫状体病的人类疾病,其范围从多发性先天性畸形到成人发作的单器官衰竭。对JS-MKS-NPH光谱的遗传学研究已经激发了广泛的功能性工作,探索初级纤毛在健康和疾病中的广泛重要作用。这项功能性工作有望阐明JS-MKS-NPH在人类中的潜在机制,确定遗传原因的治疗靶点,并产生未来的精确治疗。
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments.
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