Epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, and prevention of pediatric tuberculosis from the perspective of the End TB Strategy.
Epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, and prevention of pediatric tuberculosis from the perspective of the End TB Strategy.
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DOI：
10.1590/s1806-37562017000000461
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sant'Anna CC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalho ACC;Cardoso CAA;Martire TM;Migliori GB;Sant'Anna CC
在许多国家，结核病仍然是公共卫生的一个优先事项。2015年，结核病导致140万人死亡，其中包括21万名儿童。尽管巴西最近在控制结核病方面取得了进展，但它仍然是结核病负担最高的国家之一。2015年，巴西报告了69 000例结核病病例，结核病在该国造成4500人死亡。2014年，世界卫生组织批准了《终止结核病战略》，该战略将实现将结核病发病率降低90%和将结核病死亡人数减少95%的目标的具体日期定为2035年。然而，为了在巴西实现这些目标，需要在参与结核病控制的各个部门之间进行合作，并确定活动的优先次序，包括针对最脆弱人群的控制措施。儿童极易感染结核病，儿童患者在结核病的发展（从感染迅速发展为活动性疾病）、预防（针对肺部形式的疫苗接种效率低，对潜伏性结核病感染的预防性治疗有限）、诊断（细菌学确诊率低）和治疗（儿童友好型抗结核病药物的可得性差）方面存在特殊性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了儿童和青少年结核病的流行病学、临床表现和预防，强调了这些年龄组活动性和潜伏性结核病的特点，以促进在终止结核病战略框架内对儿童结核病管理的新方法的思考。
Tuberculosis continues to be a public health priority in many countries. In 2015, tuberculosis killed 1.4 million people, including 210,000 children. Despite the recent progress made in the control of tuberculosis in Brazil, it is still one of the countries with the highest tuberculosis burdens. In 2015, there were 69,000 reported cases of tuberculosis in Brazil and tuberculosis was the cause of 4,500 deaths in the country. In 2014, the World Health Organization approved the End TB Strategy, which set a target date of 2035 for meeting its goals of reducing the tuberculosis incidence by 90% and reducing the number of tuberculosis deaths by 95%. However, to achieve those goals in Brazil, there is a need for collaboration among the various sectors involved in tuberculosis control and for the prioritization of activities, including control measures targeting the most vulnerable populations. Children are highly vulnerable to tuberculosis, and there are particularities specific to pediatric patients regarding tuberculosis development (rapid progression from infection to active disease), prevention (low effectiveness of vaccination against the pulmonary forms and limited availability of preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection), diagnosis (a low rate of bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis), and treatment (poor availability of child-friendly anti-tuberculosis drugs). In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of tuberculosis in childhood and adolescence, highlighting the peculiarities of active and latent tuberculosis in those age groups, in order to prompt reflection on new approaches to the management of pediatric tuberculosis within the framework of the End TB Strategy.
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影响因子：
8
作者：
Bergamini, Barbara Maria;Losi, Monica;Richeldi, Luca
通讯作者：
Richeldi, Luca
DOI：
10.1183/09031936.00070812
发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
The European respiratory journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fox GJ;Barry SE;Britton WJ;Marks GB
通讯作者：
Marks GB
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Mendonça AM;Kritski AL;Land MG;Sant'Anna CC
通讯作者：
Sant'Anna CC
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60420-7
发表时间：
2014-05-03
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Graham SM;Sismanidis C;Menzies HJ;Marais BJ;Detjen AK;Black RE
通讯作者：
Black RE
影响因子：
34.3
作者：
Dodd, Peter J.;Gardiner, Elizabeth;Seddon, James A.
通讯作者：
Seddon, James A.