Zebra skin odor repels the savannah tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Zebra skin odor repels the savannah tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae)
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斑马皮肤的气味可以驱除大草原采采蝇（Glossina pallidipes）（双翅目：舌蝇科）
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0007460
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
B. Torto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Olaide;D. Tchouassi;A. Yusuf;C. Pirk;D. Masiga;R. Saini;B. Torto
背景非洲锥虫病主要由采采蝇传播，在撒哈拉以南非洲仍然是一个严重的公共卫生和经济挑战。利用非喜好采采蝇寄主的天然驱避剂进行干预是一种很有前途的管理方法。尽管斑马已被确定为采采蝇的非首选宿主，但这种排斥作用的基础尚不清楚。我们推测，斑马皮肤的气味有助于采采蝇避开斑马。方法/主要结果在一系列拉丁方设计的实验中，我们使用无诱饵的NGU诱捕器与使用两种已知采采蝇管理化学品的诱饵诱捕器进行比较，评估了粗斑马皮肤气味对野生热带草原采采蝇(Glossina pallidipe Austen，1903年)捕获量的影响；从水鹿气味中提取的驱避剂混合物wrc(包括香叶内酮、愈创木酚、戊酸和δ-八内酯)，以及一种由牛尿和丙酮组成的引诱剂。斑马皮肤气味的GC/EAD和GC/MS联用分析确定了7种电生理活性成分：6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、苯乙酮、香叶内酮、正庚醛、辛醛、正庚醛和正十二醛，在田间试验中分别测试了它们与以牛尿和丙酮为诱饵的NGU诱捕器联合使用时的驱蚊效果。以斑马皮气味中自然出现的比例配制的粗斑马皮气味和EAD活性成分的七组分混合物，显著减少了梅毒螺旋体的捕获量，分别减少了66.7%和48.9%，与WRC的驱避率(58.1%-59.2%)相比，差异显著。7组分混合物的驱避性归因于6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、苯乙酮和香叶内酮三种酮的存在，当它们混合在一起时，诱捕量减少了62.7%。结论/意义我们的发现揭示了对采采蝇生态和斑马皮肤气味的异名效应的基本见解，以及将三组分酮混合物整合到采采蝇和非洲锥虫病控制管理工具包中的可能性。
Background African trypanosomosis, primarily transmitted by tsetse flies, remains a serious public health and economic challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions employing natural repellents from non-preferred hosts of tsetse flies represent a promising management approach. Although zebras have been identified as non-preferred hosts of tsetse flies, the basis for this repellency is poorly understood. We hypothesized that zebra skin odors contribute to their avoidance by tsetse flies. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated the effect of crude zebra skin odors on catches of wild savannah tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes Austen, 1903) using unbaited Ngu traps compared to the traps baited with two known tsetse fly management chemicals; a repellent blend derived from waterbuck odor, WRC (comprising geranylacetone, guaiacol, pentanoic acid and δ-octalactone), and an attractant comprising cow urine and acetone, in a series of Latin square-designed experiments. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of zebra skin odors identified seven electrophysiologically-active components; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone, geranylacetone, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal, which were tested in blends and singly for repellency to tsetse flies when combined with Ngu traps baited with cow urine and acetone in field trials. The crude zebra skin odors and a seven-component blend of the EAD-active components, formulated in their natural ratio of occurrence in zebra skin odor, significantly reduced catches of G. pallidipesby 66.7% and 48.9% respectively, and compared favorably with the repellency of WRC (58.1%– 59.2%). Repellency of the seven-component blend was attributed to the presence of the three ketones 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone and geranylacetone, which when in a blend caused a 62.7% reduction in trap catch of G. pallidipes. Conclusions/Significance Our findings reveal fundamental insights into tsetse fly ecology and the allomonal effect of zebra skin odor, and potential integration of the three-component ketone blend into the management toolkit for tsetse and African trypanosomosis control.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Zufall, F;Leinders-Zufall, T
通讯作者：
Leinders-Zufall, T