The glmS ribozyme tunes the catalytically critical pK(a) of its coenzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate.

The glmS ribozyme tunes the catalytically critical pK(a) of its coenzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate.
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DOI:
10.1021/ja205185g
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发表时间:
2011-09-14
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Carey, Paul R.
Carey, Paul R.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gong, Bo;Klein, Daniel J.;Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R.;Carey, Paul R.

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glmS 核酶-核糖开关是第一个已知的使用小分子辅因子的天然催化 RNA。 6-磷酸氨基葡萄糖 (GlcN6P) 的结合揭示了 RNA 的潜在自裂解活性,RNA 采用具有催化活性的构象,但在没有 GlcN6P 的情况下,该构象仍然处于非活性状态。结构和模拟研究表明,GlcN6P 的胺起到一般酸碱催化剂的作用,而其磷酸盐对于结合亲和力很重要。然而,胺的溶液pKa为8.06±0.05,这对于质子转移来说不是最佳的。在这里,我们直接使用拉曼晶体学来确定与 glmS 核酶结合的 GlcN6P 的 pKa。与 RNA 的结合将 GlcN6P 胺的 pKa 降低至 7.26±0.09,并将其磷酸盐的 pKa 升高至 6.35±0.09。值得注意的是,当 GlcN6P 与催化失活但结构未受干扰的核酶 G40A 突变体结合时,这两个官能团的 pKa 与游离 GlcN6P 的值(分别为 8.06±0.05 和 5.98±0.05)没有变化,因此暗示核酶活性位点鸟嘌呤参与 pKa 调节。这是核酶可以调节小分子配体 pKa 的首次证明。此外,阴离子glmS核酶实际上通过降低其pKa来稳定GlcN6P的中性胺。这是前所未有的,并说明了核酶活性位点的化学复杂性。
The glmS ribozyme-riboswitch is the first known natural catalytic RNA that employs a small molecule cofactor. Binding of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) uncovers the latent self-cleavage activity of the RNA, which adopts a catalytically competent conformation, which is nonetheless inactive, in the absence of GlcN6P. Structural and analog studies suggest that the amine of GlcN6P functions as a general acid-base catalyst, while its phosphate is important for binding affinity. However, the solution pKa of the amine is 8.06±0.05, which is not optimal for proton transfer. Here, we use Raman crystallography directly to determine the pKa’s of GlcN6P bound to the glmS ribozyme. Binding to the RNA lowers the pKa of the amine of GlcN6P to 7.26±0.09, and raises the pKa of its phosphate to 6.35±0.09. Remarkably, the pKa’s of these two functional groups are unchanged from their values for free GlcN6P (8.06±0.05 and 5.98±0.05, respectively) when GlcN6P binds to the catalytically inactive but structurally unperturbed G40A mutant of the ribozyme, thus implicating the ribozyme active site guanine in pKa tuning. This is the first demonstration that a ribozyme can tune the pKa of a small-molecule ligand. Moreover, the anionic glmS ribozyme in effect stabilizes the neutral amine of GlcN6P by lowering its pKa. This is unprecedented, and illustrates the chemical sophistication of ribozyme active sites.
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