Monitoring gasdermin pore formation in vitro.

Monitoring gasdermin pore formation in vitro.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.024
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wu H
Wu H
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xia S;Ruan J;Wu H

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gasdermin(GSDM)家族由人的gasdermin A(GSDMA)、B(GSDMB)、C(GSDMC)、D(GSDMD)、E或DNFA 5(GSDME)和DFNB 59组成。在皮肤、胃肠道和各种免疫细胞中表达,GSDM在被半胱天冬酶和未知蛋白酶激活后介导稳态和炎症。特别是,在耶尔森氏菌感染期间,GSDMD被炎性小体激活的半胱天冬酶-1/-4/-5/-11以及半胱天冬酶-8介导的途径激活。这些半胱天冬酶切割GSDMD以从其自身抑制性C末端片段(GSDMD-CT)释放其功能性N末端片段(GSDMD-NT)。GSDMD-NT与哺乳动物细胞膜和细菌膜中的酸性脂质结合,寡聚化,并插入膜中以形成大的跨膜孔。因此,包括炎性细胞因子的细胞内容物被释放,并且细胞可以经历焦亡,一种高度炎性的细胞死亡形式。在这一章中,我们总结了最近的研究结果和目前的实验程序,以获得纯的重组GSDM的生化研究。我们强调了脂质体为基础的测定,产生强大的荧光信号,用于表征GSDM在体外的活动,并可能适用于其他孔形成蛋白和离子通道一般。
The gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of gasdermin A (GSDMA), B (GSDMB), C (GSDMC), D (GSDMD), E or DNFA5 (GSDME), and DFNB59 in human. Expressed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and various immune cells, GSDMs mediate homeostasis and inflammation upon activation by caspases and unknown proteases. In particular, GSDMD is activated by inflammasome-activated caspases-1/−4/−5/−11 as well as a caspase-8-mediated pathway during Yersinia infection. These caspases cleave GSDMD to release its functional N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT) from its auto-inhibitory C-terminal fragment (GSDMD-CT). GSDMD-NTs bind to acid lipids in mammalian cell membranes and bacterial membranes, oligomerize, and insert into the membranes to form large transmembrane pores. Consequently, cellular contents including inflammatory cytokines are released and cells can undergo pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of cell death. In this chapter, we summarize recent research findings and present experimental procedures to obtain pure recombinant GSDMs for biochemical studies. We highlight a liposome-based assay that yields robust fluorescence signals for characterizing GSDM activities in vitro and may be applicable to other pore-forming proteins and ion channels in general.
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