The emergence of the formal category “symmetry” in a new sign language

The emergence of the formal category “symmetry” in a new sign language
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新手语中形式范畴“对称”的出现

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1819872116
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Goldin-Meadow, Susan
Goldin-Meadow, Susan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gleitman, Lila;Senghas, Ann;Flaherty, Molly;Coppola, Marie;Goldin-Meadow, Susan

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逻辑属性,如否定,蕴涵和对称,尽管它们是基础的,并贯穿于已知自然语言的词汇和语法中,但它们对语言学习提出了特殊的问题。在儿童与世界上的指称物的日常互动中,它们的意义比具体的事物(如勺子和马)和事件和行为(如跑步和跳跃)更容易识别,因此更容易与它们的语言标签(勺子,马,跑,跳)联系起来。这里我们集中注意力在对称范畴[关系R是对称的当且仅当(当且仅当)对于所有x,y:ifR(x,y),thenR(y,x)],在英语中用这些术语来表示:assimilar,marry,cousin,and near。在简要介绍了对称性在英语和其他语言中的表达之后,我们讨论了这一范畴在印度尼西亚手语(NSL)中的出现和成熟。NSL是一种新兴的语言,在聋人群体中用作主要的日常交流手段,他们无法获得周围的口语,因为他们听不到它,并且他们没有接触到预先存在的手语,因为他们的社区中没有可用的手语。值得注意的是,这些人对待对称性,在语义和句法方面,就像学习者接触到以前建立的语言一样。这些发现指出了人类在支撑和构成人类语言的结构中存在的深层偏见。
Logical properties such as negation, implication, and symmetry, despite the fact that they are foundational and threaded through the vocabulary and syntax of known natural languages, pose a special problem for language learning. Their meanings are much harder to identify and isolate in the child’s everyday interaction with referents in the world than concrete things (like spoons and horses) and happenings and acts (like running and jumping) that are much more easily identified, and thus more easily linked to their linguistic labels (spoon,horse,run,jump). Here we concentrate attention on the category of symmetry [a relationRis symmetrical if and only if (iff) for allx,y: ifR(x,y), thenR(y,x)], expressed in English by such terms assimilar,marry,cousin, andnear. After a brief introduction to how symmetry is expressed in English and other well-studied languages, we discuss the appearance and maturation of this category in Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL). NSL is an emerging language used as the primary, daily means of communication among a population of deaf individuals who could not acquire the surrounding spoken language because they could not hear it, and who were not exposed to a preexisting sign language because there was none available in their community. Remarkably, these individuals treat symmetry, in both semantic and syntactic regards, much as do learners exposed to a previously established language. These findings point to deep human biases in the structures underpinning and constituting human language.
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发表时间: 2005
影响因子: 0.4
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谓词中的词汇偏好
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期刊: Proc. of the International Symposium on Large-Scale Knowledge Resources
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影响因子: 11.1
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2010
期刊:
影响因子: --
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