Reproductive factors, exogenous estrogen use, and risk of Parkinson's disease.
Reproductive factors, exogenous estrogen use, and risk of Parkinson's disease.
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DOI:
10.1002/mds.22619
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发表时间:
2009-07-15
影响因子:
8.6
通讯作者:
Ascherio, Alberto
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Simon, Kelly Claire;Chen, Honglei;Gao, Xiang;Schwarzschild, Michael A.;Ascherio, Alberto
To determine if reproductive factors or exogenous estrogen are associated with risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), we conducted a prospective study with 22 years of follow-up among post-menopausal participants in the Nurses’ Health Study. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD were estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders. Risk of PD was not significantly associated with any of the reproductive factors measured or exogenous estrogen use. Use of post-menopausal hormones, however, may modify the associations of smoking and caffeine intake with PD risk. The inverse relation between smoking and PD risk was attenuated among ever users of post-menopausal hormones (p for interaction = 0.05). Similar results were obtained for caffeine (p for interaction = 0.09). In exploratory analyses, women using progestin-only hormones were found to have an increased PD risk, but this result was based on a very small number of cases (n=4). In this large longitudinal study, we found no evidence of a beneficial effect of exogenous or endogenous estrogens on risk of PD. The use of post-menopausal hormone use may interact with other risk factors, but findings are preliminary and need confirmation in other populations.
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