Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs.

Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1254449
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发表时间:
2014-12-12
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ray DA
Ray DA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Green RE;Braun EL;Armstrong J;Earl D;Nguyen N;Hickey G;Vandewege MW;St John JA;Capella-Gutiérrez S;Castoe TA;Kern C;Fujita MK;Opazo JC;Jurka J;Kojima KK;Caballero J;Hubley RM;Smit AF;Platt RN;Lavoie CA;Ramakodi MP;Finger JW Jr;Suh A;Isberg SR;Miles L;Chong AY;Jaratlerdsiri W;Gongora J;Moran C;Iriarte A;McCormack J;Burgess SC;Edwards SV;Lyons E;Williams C;Breen M;Howard JT;Gresham CR;Peterson DG;Schmitz J;Pollock DD;Haussler D;Triplett EW;Zhang G;Irie N;Jarvis ED;Brochu CA;Schmidt CJ;McCarthy FM;Faircloth BC;Hoffmann FG;Glenn TC;Gabaldón T;Paten B;Ray DA

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为了给包括鳄鱼、恐龙和鸟类在内的主龙的多样化提供背景,我们制作了三种鳄鱼的基因组草案,即短吻鳄(美洲鳄)、Crocodylus porosus(咸水鳄)和Gavialis gangeticus(印度长吻鳄)。我们观察到一个异常缓慢的基因组进化的鳄鱼在各个层面上,包括核苷酸取代,插入缺失,转座因子的内容和运动,基因家族的进化,和染色体同线性。当放在相关类群的背景下,包括鸟类和海龟,这表明,所有这些类群的共同祖先也表现出缓慢的基因组进化,鸟类基因组的相对快速的进化代表了该分支内的自同构。这些数据还提供了机会,以分析杂合性的鳄鱼,这表明可能减少人口规模的所有三个类群通过更新世。最后,这些新数据与新发表的鸟类基因组相结合,使我们能够重建祖龙共同祖先的部分基因组,为研究鳄鱼、鸟类和恐龙的遗传起始物质提供了工具。
To provide context for the diversifications of archosaurs, the group that includes crocodilians, dinosaurs and birds, we generated draft genomes of three crocodilians, Alligator mississippiensis (the American alligator), Crocodylus porosus (the saltwater crocodile), and Gavialis gangeticus (the Indian gharial). We observed an exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels, including nucleotide substitutions, indels, transposable element content and movement, gene family evolution, and chromosomal synteny. When placed within the context of related taxa including birds and turtles, this suggests that the common ancestor of all of these taxa also exhibited slow genome evolution and that the relatively rapid evolution of bird genomes represents an autapomorphy within that clade. The data also provided the opportunity to analyze heterozygosity in crocodilians, which indicates a likely reduction in population size for all three taxa through the Pleistocene. Finally, these new data combined with newly published bird genomes allowed us to reconstruct the partial genome of the common ancestor of archosaurs providing a tool to investigate the genetic starting material of crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs.
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