Decomposition of a sensory prediction error signal for visuomotor adaptation.

Decomposition of a sensory prediction error signal for visuomotor adaptation.
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DOI:
10.1037/xhp0000440
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发表时间:
2018-03
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Taylor JA
Taylor JA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Butcher PA;Taylor JA

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为了实现有效的运动控制,大脑被认为包含一个内部前向模型,该模型预测运动命令的预期感觉结果。当这种预测不准确时,就会产生感官预测误差,使正向模型能够对未来的运动做出更准确的预测。其他类型的错误,如任务绩效错误或奖励,在适应前向模型方面发挥的作用较小。这就提出了一个问题:导致前向模型适应的感官预测误差传达了什么独特的信息?感官预测误差通常同时包含误差的大小和方向,但尚不清楚这两个成分是否都是适应所必需的,还是单个成分就足够了。在这里,我们通过让参与者学习如何对抗视觉运动旋转来解决这个问题,视觉运动旋转会导致手的运动和视觉反馈之间的角度不匹配。我们以直线的形式处理了视觉反馈的信息内容,它准确地表示了虚拟光标相对于目标的幅度(距离)、方向或幅度和方向。我们证明,当反馈仅限于关于错误大小的信息时,感觉运动适应不会发生,或者是最小的。相反,当反馈仅限于错误的方向,或包含组合的方向和大小信息时,感觉运动适应就存在。这一结果与目前基于小脑的感觉运动适应的计算模型形成了鲜明对比,后者利用误差大小来驱动适应。
To accomplish effective motor control the brain is thought to contain an internal forward model that predicts the expected sensory consequence of a motor command. When this prediction is inaccurate, a sensory-prediction error is produced which adapts the forward model to make more accurate predictions of future movements. Other types of errors, such as task performance errors or reward, play less of a role in adapting a forward model. This raises the question: What unique information is conveyed by the sensory-prediction error that results in forward model adaptation? Sensory-prediction errors typically contain both the magnitude and direction of the error, but it is unclear if both components are necessary for adaptation or a single component is sufficient. Here we address this by having participants learn to counter a visuomotor rotation, which induces an angular mismatch between movements of the hand and visual feedback. We manipulated the information content of the visual feedback, in the form of a line, which accurately represented only the magnitude (distance), direction, or both magnitude and direction, of the virtual cursor relative to the target. We demonstrate that sensorimotor adaptation does not occur, or is minimal, when feedback is limited to information about the magnitude of an error. In contrast, sensorimotor adaptation is present when feedback is limited only to the direction of an error, or contains combined direction and magnitude information. This result stands in contrast to current computational models of cerebellar-based sensorimotor adaptation, which utilize error magnitude to drive adaptation.
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