Bureaucrats and expertise: Elucidating a problematic relationship in three tableaux and six jurisdictions

Bureaucrats and expertise: Elucidating a problematic relationship in three tableaux and six jurisdictions
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官僚和专业知识:阐明三个场景和六个司法管辖区中存在问题的关系

DOI:
10.1016/j.soctra.2010.03.021
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
0.2
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中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
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人们经常认为,官僚的专业知识赋予他们制定政策的权力。本文基于对六个司法管辖区通过的52项法规的研究,对这一命题进行了批判性的检验。本文以三个场景的形式呈现了这项研究的材料:作为专家的官僚,作为专家动员的官僚和作为专家的仆人的官僚。专门知识主要被理解为科学专门知识或政策专门知识--具体政策领域的知识或经验。在每一个画面中,专业知识作为影响力来源的重要性都是可以质疑的。“专家”之所以有影响力,是因为他们的地位,而不是他们专业知识的内容。马克斯·韦伯本人对专业知识的重要性持矛盾态度,它在加强政策制定中的官僚权力方面的作用可能被夸大了。
It is frequently assumed that the expertise of bureaucrats gives them policy-making power. This paper examines critically this proposition on the basis of a study of 52 regulations passed in six jurisdictions. The paper presents the material from this study in the form of three tableaux: the bureaucrat as expert, the bureaucrat as mobiliser of expertise and the bureaucrat as servant of experts. Expertise is primarily understood as either scientific expertise or policy expertise –knowledge or experience of a specific policy area. In each tableau the significance of expertise as a source of influence can be questioned. Where “experts” have influence, it is because of their status rather than the content of their expertise. Max Weber himself was ambivalent about the importance of expertise and its role in strengthening bureaucratic power in policy-making is likely to have been exaggerated.
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