The intersection of violence and early COVID‐19 policies in El Salvador
The intersection of violence and early COVID‐19 policies in El Salvador
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萨尔瓦多的暴力与早期新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 政策的交叉点
DOI：
10.1111/aman.13756
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ross, Norbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, Norbert
“COVID会对我造成什么影响？”Doña有一天，在讨论萨尔瓦多政府刚刚宣布的COVID警报时，帕兹问我。她的问题与其说是关于她不关心自己的健康（或孩子们的健康），不如说是关于她每天都要面对的担忧和危险。对于Doña Paz来说，COVID-19并不是一个直接的威胁，而是在El Cerro寻求生存和保持安全，El Cerro是萨尔瓦多暴力和边缘化程度最高的非法擅自占用者的城市地区。在萨尔瓦多，贫困长期以来一直被认为是可疑和危险的（Ross and Sanchez 2017）。埃尔塞罗等地的居民受到社会排斥，因此能够采取社会分类的形式，及早采取COVID-19紧急措施（Biehl 2005）。通过多种形式的“威胁治理”（Chappell 2006），以牺牲那些被宣布为暴力的、价值较低的、因此是可有可无的国家制造的“赤裸裸的生活”（Agamben 1998）为代价，保护有产阶级成为可能。面对新冠肺炎疫情，萨尔瓦多政府立即拨款7500万美元，建设拉丁美洲最大的医院。一直以来，严格的隔离措施使得像埃尔塞罗这样的社区急需基本的食物供应。在一个仍受12年内战（1980-1992年）影响的国家，像El Cerro这样的社区举起白旗，表示饥饿和绝望——向军事占领投降，军事占领通过路障和街道巡逻强制实施隔离措施。这篇文章是从从事学术研究的角度写的。作为我研究的一部分，我共同创立并领导了萨尔瓦多非政府组织ACTUEMOS！，照顾边缘地区青年、儿童及其家庭的需要。在El Cerro，这篇文章的重点，ACTUEMOS！经营一家课后青年中心。在隔离最严格的时候，我们为200多个家庭提供了食物，其中大多数是单身母亲和她们的孩子。这里介绍的大部分信息来自大流行之前和期间与儿童及其家庭的合作。
“What can COVID do to me?” Doña Paz asked me one day while discussing the COVID alert the Salvadoran government had just declared. Her question wasn’t so much about her lack of concern about her health (or that of her children) but rather spoke to the multiple day-today worries and dangers she navigated. For Doña Paz, COVID-19 was less of an immediate threat than the quest to survive and stay safe in El Cerro, an urban area of illegal squatters with some of the highest levels of violence and marginalization in El Salvador 1 In El Salvador, poverty has long been constructed as suspect and dangerous (Ross and Sanchez 2017). The social exclusion experienced by inhabitants of places such as El Cerro has allowed for early COVID-19 emergency measures to take the form of social triage (Biehl 2005). Through multiple forms of “threat governmentality”(Chappell 2006), the protection of the propertied class was made possible at the expense of people declared violent, of lesser value, and hence dispensable—state-crafted “bare life”(Agamben 1998). Confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Salvadoran government immediately earmarked US $75,000,000 to build the largest hospital in Latin America. All the while, the strict quarantine measures made communities such as El Cerro desperate for basic food supplies. In a country that still suffers from the consequences of a twelve-year civil war (1980–1992), communities such as El Cerro raised white flags indicating hunger and desperation—surrendering to the military occupation that enforced the quarantine measures via roadblocks and street patrols. 2This essay is written from the perspective of engaged scholarship. As part of my research, I cofounded and direct the Salvadoran NGO ACTUEMOS!, attending to the needs of youth, children, and their families in marginalized areas. In El Cerro, the focus of this essay, ACTUEMOS! runs an after-school youth center. 3 At the height of the quarantine, we provided food for over two hundred families, mostly single mothers and their children. Much of the information presented here comes from working with the children and their families prior to and during the pandemic.
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影响因子：
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