Silchester: Changing Visions of a Roman Town: Integrating geophysics and archaeology: the results of the Silchester mapping project 2005-10
Silchester: Changing Visions of a Roman Town: Integrating geophysics and archaeology: the results of the Silchester mapping project 2005-10
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西尔切斯特：改变罗马城镇的愿景：整合地球物理学和考古学：西尔切斯特测绘项目 2005-10 的结果
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Creighton
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作者：
J. Creighton
西尔切斯特（Calleva Atrebatum）是英国中南部汉普郡的一个罗马城镇。与许多遗址不同的是，该遗址在后罗马时期被遗弃，现在主要是一片绿地。圆形剧场，城墙和一些外部防御都仍然可见的游客看到。该镇在罗马-英国考古学的发展中具有很高的影响力，因为1890年至1908年考古学会的大规模挖掘制定了该遗址的总体规划。
本书首次汇集了从18世纪20年代最早的战壕到迈克尔·富尔福德（Michael Fulford，1974年至今）的现代战役的所有已知实地考察。截止日期为2013年。它将这项工作与对内部和附近地区的新地球物理调查相结合，为该镇提供了新的总体叙述。
这本书从最早的古物调查到最近的战役开始，对这座城市的历史编纂工作;这种历史编纂和对遗址不断变化的解释渗透到后来的讨论中，显示了新的发现如何改变了人们的理解。
卷的核心包含经验数据。工作已经进行了数字化所有过去的挖掘计划，并将其与其他数据集相结合，包括：两个主要的实地考察活动，航空摄影图，来自Orbidity Survey和早期来源的早期地图的景观分析，LiDAR，其他测绘数据，最后是在城镇及其周围的217公顷新的地球物理勘探。已经创建了一个地图集，以各种格式显示这些数据，并在每个页面中列出了详细的文本，概述了过去的所有干预措施，并提供了对发现的总结，并在相关的情况下提供了后来重新解释的参考。
最后一节提供了解释文章，主题评论：防御和线性土方工程; oppidum的发展;罗马军事金属制品的解释;对城镇太平间景观证据的解释;城市基础设施，贸易，工业和公共娱乐的讨论。最后提供了一个叙述性的概述，看看如何在历史背景下解释城镇的遗迹。
有方法的创新区分的磁通门梯度测量数据中的功能的信号强度，以映射“热点”代表可能的火葬柴堆区，垃圾堆，和工业活动，以发展我们的理解的太平间景观，也是商店和车间内的城镇，这些技术可以很容易地应用到其他大规模的调查罗马城市已经进行。
该作品是自布恩（1974）以来第一次对这座城市进行全面综合。新的工作包括对城镇周围土方工程的发展和年代的重大修订印象;所有铁器时代后期发现的地图和来自挖掘数据和地球物理学的街道网格发展的证据;它发现了几个新的墓地，包括一系列大型铁器时代后期或早期罗马墓地。发现的特征可能代表了城镇附近大规模制革作业的难以捉摸的证据;在砾石阶地边缘有一系列平行线的痕迹，这可能表明马戏团，尽管需要地面实况调查来测试。
总体城市评估和综合使西尔切斯特能够与最近对英国东南部主要城市的其他全面审查一起出现，例如Verulamium（Niblett和Thompson 2005）和Colchester（拉德福等人2013）。
Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) is a Roman town in Hampshire, in central southern Britain. Unlike many the site was abandoned in the post-Roman period leaving it as a largely green-field site now. The Amphitheatre, Town Wall and some Outer Defences all remain visible for the visitor to see. The town has been highly influential in the development of Romano-British archaeology due to the large-scale excavation by the Society of Antiquaries in 1890-1908 developed an overall plan of the site.
This volume draws together for the first time all the fieldwork known to have taken place from the earliest located trenches in the 1720s up until the modern campaigns of Michael Fulford (1974-present). The cut-off date is 2013. It integrates this work with a new geophysical survey of the interior and vicinity to provide a new overarching narrative for the town.
The volume starts with a historiography of work on the city from earliest antiquarian investigations through to recent campaigns; and this sense of historiography and changing interpretations of the site permeates the later discussion, showing how new discoveries have transformed understandings.
The core of the volume contains the empirical data. Work has taken place digitising all the past excavation plans, and combining this with other datasets including: two major fieldwalking campaigns, the aerial photographic plots, landscape analysis from earlier maps from the Ordnance Survey and earlier sources, LiDAR, other mapping data, and finally with 217 ha of new geophysical prospection in and around the town. An atlas has been created which shows these data in a variety of formats, together with a detailed text outlining all the past interventions within each sheet, and providing a summary of the discoveries together with references to their later reinterpretation where relevant.
The final sections provide essays in interpretation, with thematic reviews of: the defences and linear earthworks; the development of the oppidum; the interpretation of Roman military metalwork; an interpretation of the evidence for the mortuary landscape of the town; discussions of urban infrastructure, trade, industry and pubic entertainment. Finally a narrative overview is provided seeing how the town’s remains have been interpreted within an historical setting.
There are methodological innovations differentiating the signal strength of features in the fluxgate gradiometry data to map ‘hotspots’ representing possible cremations pyre areas, middens, and industrial activities to develop our understanding of the mortuary landscape and also that of shops and workshops within the towns; these techniques could readily be applied to other large-scale surveys of Roman cities which have already been undertaken.
The work provides the first overall synthesis of the city since Boon (1974). The new work includes a significantly revised impression of the development and chronology of the earthworks surrounding the town; mapping of all the Later Iron Age finds and evidence for the development of the street grid from both excavation data and geophysics; it has discovered several new cemetery areas including a series of large Later Iron Age or early Roman burial enclosures. Features are found which may represent elusive evidence for large-scale tanning operations near the town; and there are traces on the gravel terrace edge of a series of parallel lines which may be indicative of a circus, though ground-truthing is required to test that.
The overall urban assessment and synthesis enables Silchester to be seen alongside the other recent comprehensive reviews of major cities in south-east Britain, such as Verulamium (Niblett and Thompson 2005) and Colchester (Radford et al. 2013).
综合地球物理调查方法在考古景观评估中的作用：以波图斯为例
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Keay S
通讯作者：
Keay S