Production of Supra-regular Spatial Sequences by Macaque Monkeys.

Production of Supra-regular Spatial Sequences by Macaque Monkeys.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.047
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发表时间:
2018-06-18
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang L
Wang L
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jiang X;Long T;Cao W;Li J;Dehaene S;Wang L

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理解和产生语言、音乐或数学中的嵌入序列是我们物种的核心特征。假设这些领域涉及人类特有的超规则语法能力,它可以生成超出有限状态自动机产生的规则序列的嵌入序列。然而,这种能力真的是人类独有的吗?使用生产任务,我们表明猕猴可以被训练来产生时间对称的嵌入空间序列,其形式描述需要超正则语法或等效的下推堆栈自动机。猴子自发地将学到的语法推广到新的序列,包括更长的序列,并且可以生成通过嵌入两层抽象规则而形成的分层序列。然而,与猴子相比,学龄前儿童使用组块策略学习语法的速度要快得多。虽然非人类灵长类动物可以通过广泛的训练来掌握超规则语法,但人类的独特性可能在于获得超规则语法的速度和学习策略。
Understanding and producing embedded sequences, in language, music or mathematics, is a central characteristic of our species. These domains are hypothesized to involve a human-specific competence for supra-regular grammars, which can generate embedded sequences that go beyond the regular sequences engendered by finite-state automata. However, is this capacity truly unique to humans? Using a production task, we show that macaque monkeys can be trained to produce time-symmetrical embedded spatial sequences whose formal description requires supra-regular grammars or, equivalently, a push-down stack automaton. Monkeys spontaneously generalized the learned grammar to novel sequences, including longer ones, and could generate hierarchical sequences formed by an embedding of two levels of abstract rules. Compared to monkeys, however, preschool children learned the grammars much faster using a chunking strategy. While supra-regular grammars are accessible to nonhuman primates through extensive training, human uniqueness may lie in the speed and learning strategy with which they are acquired.
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