Bidirectional universal dynamics in a spinor Bose gas close to a nonthermal fixed point

Bidirectional universal dynamics in a spinor Bose gas close to a nonthermal fixed point
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接近非热不动点的旋量玻色气体中的双向通用动力学

DOI:
10.1103/physreva.99.033611
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
T. Gasenzer
T. Gasenzer
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Christian;Maximilian Prufer;M. Oberthaler;T. Gasenzer

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数值研究了孤立的一维铁磁性自旋1玻色气体的普适标度动力学。将体系准备在远离平衡的初始状态,同时粗化和精炼被发现能够实现并表征接近非热固定点的方法。一个宏观长度尺度,它根据$L{\lambda}(T)\sim t^{\,\beta}$随时间缩放,加上$\beta\simeq 1/4$,量化了自旋织构尺寸的粗化。与此同时,填充在这些织构中的扭结状缺陷经历了一个细化过程,以缩小的微观长度标度$L_{\lambda}\sim t^{\,\beta‘}$衡量,其中$\beta’\simeq-0.17$。这些标度演化的结合使得孤立系统中的粒子和能量守恒,并构成了动量空间中的双向输运。粗化指数$\beta的值表明动力学属于一维XY模型扩散粗化的普适类。然而,表现出非线性输运的普适动量分布函数标志着扩散粗化和非热不动点逼近之间的区别。这凸显了通用标度函数在非热不动点分类中的重要性。目前的量子气体实验有望实现预期的双向缩放。
We numerically study the universal scaling dynamics of an isolated one-dimensional ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose gas. Preparing the system in a far-from-equilibrium initial state, simultaneous coarsening and refining is found to enable and characterize the approach to a non-thermal fixed point. A macroscopic length scale which scales in time according to $L_{\Lambda}(t)\sim t^{\, \beta}$, with $\beta\simeq 1/4$, quantifies the coarsening of the size of spin textures. At the same time kink-like defects populating these textures undergo a refining process measured by a shrinking microscopic length scale $L_{\lambda}\sim t^{\, \beta'}$, with $\beta'\simeq-0.17$. The combination of these scaling evolutions enables particle and energy conservation in the isolated system and constitutes a bi-directional transport in momentum space. The value of the coarsening exponent $\beta$ suggests the dynamics to belong to the universality class of diffusive coarsening of the one-dimensional XY-model. However, the universal momentum distribution function exhibiting non-linear transport marks the distinction between diffusive coarsening and the approach of a non-thermal fixed point in the isolated system considered here. This underlines the importance of the universal scaling function in classifying non-thermal fixed points. Present-day experiments with quantum gases are expected to have access to the predicted bi-directional scaling.
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