Pathophysiology of glia in perinatal white matter injury.
Pathophysiology of glia in perinatal white matter injury.
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DOI：
10.1002/glia.22658
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Rosenberg, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Back, Stephen A.;Rosenberg, Paul A.
早产儿脑损伤对脑白色物质有特别的偏爱。白色物质损伤（White matter injury，白质损伤）是早产儿脑损伤的最常见原因，也是包括脑瘫在内的慢性神经系统疾病的主要原因。易患脑出血的因素包括脑氧合紊乱和母胎感染。在急性期，发生明显的氧化损伤，靶向晚期少突胶质细胞祖细胞（preOL）。早产期间发生的发育偏好似乎与易感前OL的出现时间和区域分布有关，这些前OL易受各种化学介质的影响，包括活性氧、谷氨酸、细胞因子和腺苷。在慢性期，白色物质表现出异常的再生和修复反应。早期OL祖细胞以快速稳健的增殖反应响应于增殖，这导致不能沿其正常发育时程沿着终末分化的前OL的数倍再生。PreOL成熟停滞似乎与慢性病变中反应性星形胶质细胞产生的抑制因子部分相关。最近的高场MRI数据支持存在三种不同形式的慢性前列腺炎，每一种都显示出独特的MRI和组织病理学特征。这些发现表明，针对髓鞘再生和修复的治疗可能在脊髓损伤后早期开始，并随着时间的推移进行监测。这些急性和慢性腹泻的新机制为预防或促进早产儿腹泻的修复提供了各种新策略。
Injury to the preterm brain has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter. White matter injury (WMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity including cerebral palsy. Factors that predispose to WMI include cerebral oxygenation disturbances and maternal-fetal infection. During the acute phase of WMI, pronounced oxidative damage occurs that targets late oligodendrocyte progenitors (preOLs). The developmental predilection for WMI to occur during prematurity appears to be related to both the timing of appearance and regional distribution of susceptible preOLs that are vulnerable to a variety of chemical mediators including reactive oxygen species, glutamate, cytokines, and adenosine. During the chronic phase of WMI, the white matter displays abberant regeneration and repair responses. Early OL progenitors responds to WMI with a rapid robust proliferative response that results in a several fold regeneration of preOLs that fail to terminally differentiate along their normal developmental time course. PreOL maturation arrest appears to be related in part to inhibitory factors that derive from reactive astrocytes in chronic lesions. Recent high field MRI data support that three distinct forms of chronic WMI exist, each of which displays unique MRI and histopathological features. These findings suggest the possibility that therapies directed at myelin regeneration and repair could be initiated early after WMI and monitored over time. These new mechanisms of acute and chronic WMI provide access to a variety of new strategies to prevent or promote repair of WMI in premature infants.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Alix, James J. P.;Zammit, Christian;Riddle, Art;Meshul, Charles K.;Back, Stephen A.;Valentino, Mario;Fern, Robert
通讯作者：
Fern, Robert