Measuring the Local Burden of Diarrhoeal Disease Among Slum Dwellers in the Megacity Chennai, South India

Measuring the Local Burden of Diarrhoeal Disease Among Slum Dwellers in the Megacity Chennai, South India
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衡量印度南部大城市金奈贫民窟居民的当地腹泻病负担

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-7908-2733-0_6
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sanjeevi Prasad
Sanjeevi Prasad
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sakdapolrak;Seyler;Sanjeevi Prasad

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印度是全球大城市化进程的焦点之一。该国正面临着城市贫困问题,而城市贫困人口承担着巨大的疾病负担。在印度七大特大城市之一的南印度大都会钦奈,估计有18.9%(2001年印度人口普查)至40.9%(NFHS-3,Gupta等人,2009年:74)的人口生活在被归类为贫民窟的地区。贫民窟的特点是缺乏获得基本服务的机会、住房不符合标准、过度拥挤、使用权无保障、贫穷以及不健康的生活条件(人居署2003:11)。因此,贫民窟居民不仅更容易受到社会和环境健康风险的影响(例如缺乏卫生设施),而且科普这些风险的能力也较弱。与其他居民相比,贫民窟居民的健康状况较差。第三次全国家庭健康调查(NFHS-3,2005- 2006年)(Gupta等人,2009年)的结果清楚地表明了城市内部的健康不平等。南印度特大城市钦奈就是一个很好的例子(NFHS-3,2005- 2006年):钦奈的婴儿死亡率总体为27.6,而非贫民窟地区的婴儿死亡率为24.2,贫民窟地区为38。对特定疾病的健康负担的研究表明,贫民窟居民的传染病负担更重:结核病是印度一种普遍的传染病,在钦奈的贫民窟男性居民中,每10万人中有863人患病。相比之下,非贫民区的流行率为每10万人437人。此外,在某些地区,贫民窟居民的非传染性疾病负担也更重:在钦奈,贫民窟女性居民的糖尿病患病率为每100 000人中有3 901人。这略高于非贫民窟女性居民的患病率,后者为每100 000人中有3 867人患病。
India is one of the focal points of the global megapolisation process. The country is facing urban poverty and the urban poor bear a large disease burden. In the South Indian metropolis of Chennai, one of India’s seven megacities, an estimated 18.9% (Census of India 2001) to 40.9% (NFHS-3 in Gupta et al. 2009: 74) of the population lives in areas categorised as slums. Slums are characterised as areas with lack of access to basic services, substandard housing, overcrowding, insecure tenure, poverty as well as unhealthy living conditions (UN-Habitat 2003: 11). Consequently slum dwellers are not only more exposed to social and environmental health risks (e.g. lack of sanitation facilities), but also have less capacities to cope with them. The health status of slum dwellers is poor in comparison to other residents. The results of the third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-06) (Gupta et al. 2009) clearly indicates this intra-urban health inequality. The South Indian megacity Chennai is a case in point (NFHS-3, 2005-06): while the infant mortality rate for Chennai as a whole was 27.6, the rate in non-slum areas was 24.2 as compared to 38 in slum areas. A look at the disease-specific health burden shows that slum dwellers are suffering a higher burden of infectious diseases: tuberculosis, a widespread infectious disease in India, has a prevalence of 863 per 100,000 among male slum dwellers in Chennai. The prevalence in nonslum areas in contrast is 437 per 100,000. In addition, slum dwellers have, in certain areas, a higher burden of non-infectious diseases as well: the prevalence of diabetes among female slum dwellers was 3,901 per 100,000 in Chennai. It was slightly higher than the prevalence among non-slum female residents, which was 3,867 per 100,000.
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