Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone.

Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone.
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能量平衡,肌生抑素和吉尔兹:调节腹部和骨骼脂肪细胞分化的因素。

DOI:
10.1155/2007/92501
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Isales CM
Isales CM
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shi X;Hamrick M;Isales CM

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过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,PPAR-)属于核激素受体转录因子亚家族。PPARs在关键的靶组织如肝脏、脂肪和肌肉中表达,因此它们在能量平衡的调节中起主要作用。由于PPAR-在能量平衡中的作用,来自肠道的信号(例如,GIP)、脂肪(例如,瘦素),肌肉(例如,肌生长抑制素),或骨(例如,GILZ)又可以调节PPAR表达和/或功能。在两种过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体亚型中,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-2是脂肪生成的关键调节因子,并且在骨发育中也起作用。该受体的激活有利于间充质干细胞的脂肪细胞分化,而PPAR-2表达的抑制则使其转向成骨细胞途径。临床上,噻唑烷二酮类抗糖尿病药物激活该受体导致骨量降低和骨折率增加。我们认为,通过使用上述一些激素/因子抑制间充质干细胞中的PPAR-2表达可能是有利于骨形成的有用的治疗策略。
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. PPARs are expressed in key target tissues such as liver, fat, and muscle and thus they play a major role in the regulation of energy balance. Because of PPAR-'s role in energy balance, signals originating from the gut (e.g., GIP), fat (e.g., leptin), muscle (e.g., myostatin), or bone (e.g., GILZ) can in turn modulate PPAR expression and/or function. Of the two PPAR- isoforms, PPAR-2 is the key regulator of adipogenesis and also plays a role in bone development. Activation of this receptor favors adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while inhibition of PPAR-2 expression shifts the commitment towards the osteoblastogenic pathway. Clinically, activation of this receptor by antidiabetic agents of the thiazolidinedione class results in lower bone mass and increased fracture rates. We propose that inhibition of PPAR-2 expression in mesenchymal stem cells by use of some of the hormones/factors mentioned above may be a useful therapeutic strategy to favor bone formation.
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