Precarious maintenance of simple DNA repeats in eukaryotes.

Precarious maintenance of simple DNA repeats in eukaryotes.
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DOI:
10.1002/bies.201700077
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发表时间:
2017-09
期刊:
BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mirkin SM
Mirkin SM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Neil AJ;Kim JC;Mirkin SM

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在这篇综述中,我们讨论了两个进化上保守的途径在DNA复制和修复,模板转换和断裂诱导复制的接口,导致有害的大规模扩大的三核苷酸DNA重复序列,导致许多遗传性疾病。我们强调,这些途径,起源于原核生物,可能随后被劫持,以维持长的DNA微卫星在真核生物。我们认为,这些途径的负面致突变结果,例如重复扩增疾病,可能超过其积极作用,在维持功能重复的基因组区域,如端粒和着丝粒。断裂诱导复制(BIR)和模板转换(TS)是复制叉重启的保守机制。它们在原核生物中不引起微卫星不稳定性,但在真核生物中促进重复扩增。我们认为,TS和BIR坚持在真核生物中,尽管它们的诱变潜力,因为它们有助于维持长重复的端粒和着丝粒。
In this review, we discuss how two evolutionarily conserved pathways at the interface of DNA replication and repair, template switching and break-induced replication, lead to the deleterious large-scale expansion of trinucleotide DNA repeats that cause numerous hereditary diseases. We highlight that these pathways, which originated in prokaryotes, may be subsequently hijacked to maintain long DNA microsatellites in eukaryotes. We suggest that the negative mutagenic outcomes of these pathways, exemplified by repeat expansion diseases, are likely outweighed by their positive role in maintaining functional repetitive regions of the genome such as telomeres and centromeres. Break-induced replication (BIR) and template switching (TS) are conserved mechanisms of replication fork restart. They do not cause microsatellite instability in prokaryotes, but promote repeat expansion in eukaryotes. We suggest that TS and BIR persisted in eukaryotes despite their mutagenic potential because they help maintain long repetitive telomeres and centromeres.
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