Toward “Rules” for Studying Biological Invasions

Toward “Rules” for Studying Biological Invasions
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走向生物入侵研究的“规则”

DOI:
10.1002/bes2.1607
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lockwood, Julie L.
Lockwood, Julie L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Meyerson, Laura A.;Simberloff, Daniel;Boardman, Leigh;Lockwood, Julie L.

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生物入侵是全球变化的一个关键方面,在过去几十年中,在大多数分类群和所有生物领域中,记录的非本地物种的建立率呈指数级上升(Wavel et al. 2011)。地球生物多样性的这种重新分布对人类社会造成了巨大的健康和经济损害,并将影响当前和未来的生态和进化动态。因此,入侵科学领域的相关性和范围都有所增长(洛克伍德等人,2013年)。这种增长反映了在环境生物学作为一个整体所观察到的各种方法,包括实验室实验,小规模的现场实验,长期的现场实验,计算建模,以及组装和分析的观测“大数据”集收集在多个时间和空间尺度。然而,整合这些科学方法及其固有的空间和时间尺度已被证明是具有挑战性的。特别是,入侵科学家一直在努力确定一个连贯的定义,测量模式,以及非本地入侵物种影响背后的理论(Blackburn et al. 2014,Jeschke et al. 2014)。物种必须跨越不同的阶段或障碍,才能达到这一过程的最后阶段,并获得“入侵”的绰号(Blackburn et al. 2014)。因此,入侵物种是那些已经很好地建立起来的物种,它们的种群规模往往在增加,并实现了一定的地理范围扩张。由于它们分布广泛且数量丰富,入侵物种也往往对共存的本地种群、本地物种群落或整个本地生态系统产生重大的生态影响(洛克伍德
Biological invasions are a key facet of global change, with documented rates of establishment of nonnative species rising exponentially over the last several decades across most taxa and all biological realms (Essl et al. 2011). This redistribution of the Earth’s biodiversity has caused substantial health and economic harm to human societies and will affect current and future ecological and evolutionary dynamics. The field of invasion science has grown in relevance and purview as a result (Lockwood et al. 2013). This growth has mirrored that observed in environmental biology as a whole in terms of the variety of approaches employed, including laboratory experiments, smaller-scale field experiments, long-term field experiments, computational modeling, and the assembly and analysis of observational “big data” sets gathered across multiple temporal and spatial scales. However, integrating these scientific approaches and their inherent spatial and temporal scales has proven challenging.In particular, invasion scientists have struggled to identify a coherent definition, measurement schema, and theory behind nonnative invasive species impacts (Blackburn et al. 2014, Jeschke et al. 2014). Species must cross distinct stages, or barriers, before they reach the last stage of this process and earn the moniker of “invasive”(Blackburn et al. 2014). Invasive species thus are those that are well established and often increasing in population size and realize some geographical range expansion. Because they are widespread and abundant, invasive species tend also to impose major ecological effects on cooccurring native populations, communities of native species, or the entire native ecosystem (Lockwood
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