From Risk Governance to City-Citizen Collaboration: Capitalizing on Individual Adaptation to Climate Change
From Risk Governance to City-Citizen Collaboration: Capitalizing on Individual Adaptation to Climate Change
复制标题
从风险治理到城市公民合作：利用个人对气候变化的适应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Wamsler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Wamsler
城市社会日益受到气候多变性和极端气候的影响。从理论上讲，适应政策创造了支持自主适应所需的条件，或者在自主适应未能发展的情况下提供公共适应。然而，很少有人关注私人家庭和个人的自主适应，以及如何在城市的战略适应规划中考虑到这一点。在此背景下，本文探讨了城市当局和公民采取的措施之间的协同作用，更具体地说，公共适应规划如何增强或抑制私人（个人）的适应。在文献回顾和深入研究德国城市的基础上，现有类型的城市与市民的互动系统化。结果表明，有针对性的城市-公民气候变化适应合作实际上是不存在的。城市当局很少充分重视为个人适应提供财政和结构援助。相反，市政当局为个人适应提供的支助很少得到公众的接受。此外，城市政策和规划往往会阻碍合作和执行满足公民能力和需求的措施。该文件的结论是，如果研究中确定的障碍和驱动力得到解决，改善城市-公民合作适应共同生产是促进变革性适应的重要一步。提出的框架推进了适应共同生产的城市-公民互动理论，为相关分析、行动和进一步研究提供了基础。（减）
Urban societies are increasingly affected by climatic variability and extremes. In theory, adaptation policy creates the conditions needed to support autonomous adaptation – or deliver public adaptation if autonomous adaptation fails to develop. However, little attention has been given to autonomous adaptation by private households and individuals, and how it is taken into account in cities’ strategic adaptation planning. Against this background, this paper examines the synergies between measures taken by city authorities and citizens, and, more specifically, how public adaptation planning enhances or inhibits private (individual) adaptation. Based on a literature review and an in-depth study of German municipalities, existing types of city–citizen interaction are systematized. The results show that targeted city–citizen collaboration for climate change adaptation is practically non-existent. City authorities rarely pay sufficient attention to financial and structural aid for individual adaptation. Conversely, the available municipal support for individual adaptation has little take-up by members of the public. Furthermore, urban policy and planning often counteract collaboration and the implementation of measures that meet citizens’ capacities and needs. The paper concludes that improving city–citizen collaboration for adaptation co-production is an important step in fostering transformative adaptation, if the barriers and driving forces identified in the study are addressed. The framework that is presented advances theory on city–citizen interactions for adaptation co-production, providing a basis for related analyses, action and further research. (Less)
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Hargreaves, Tom
通讯作者：
Hargreaves, Tom