Investigating the Variation of Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene in the UK during 2000-2020.
Investigating the Variation of Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene in the UK during 2000-2020.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph191911904
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发表时间：
2022-09-21
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shallcross, Dudley E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holland, Rayne;Khan, M. Anwar H.;Matthews, James C.;Bonifacio, Sophia;Walters, Rhian;Koria, Priya;Clowes, Joanna;Rodgers, Karla;Jones, Temi;Patel, Leeya;Cross, Rhianna;Sandberg, Freya;Shallcross, Dudley E.
关键词：
对英国城市、郊区和农村地区的苯和 1,3-丁二烯浓度进行了 20 年（2000 年至 2020 年）调查，以评估污染控制策略的影响。鉴于这些污染物的已知毒性，有必要调查一系列场地类型的国家长期趋势。我们的结论是，虽然立法干预已成功减少车辆来源的苯和 1,3-丁二烯污染，但以前被忽视的来源现在必须予以考虑，因为它们开始在环境污染中占主导地位。城市地区的苯浓度比农村地区高约 5 倍，而 1,3-丁二烯浓度则高出约 10 倍。污染物浓度季节变化表现为冬季最大、夏季最小，其中苯和1,3-丁二烯夏冬比例分别为1:2.5和1:1.6。在调查期间（2000 年至 2020 年），苯的浓度下降了 85%，1,3-丁二烯的浓度下降了 91%。研究的两个十年（2000-2010年、2010-2020年）之间存在显着差异，第一个十年的下降明显大于第二个十年，这证明，虽然以前成功，但立法干预措施不再足以限制这些污染物的环境浓度。讨论了这些污染物的健康影响，并利用癌症影响指数来估计过去 20 年不同地点类型的癌症影响。讨论了那些特别容易受到苯和 1,3-丁二烯污染的不利健康影响的人群。
The concentrations of benzene and 1,3-butadiene in urban, suburban, and rural sites of the U.K. were investigated across 20 years (2000–2020) to assess the impacts of pollution control strategies. Given the known toxicity of these pollutants, it is necessary to investigate national long-term trends across a range of site types. We conclude that whilst legislative intervention has been successful in reducing benzene and 1,3-butadiene pollution from vehicular sources, previously overlooked sources must now be considered as they begin to dominate in contribution to ambient pollution. Benzene concentrations in urban areas were found to be ~5-fold greater than those in rural areas, whilst 1,3-butadiene concentrations were up to ~10-fold greater. The seasonal variation of pollutant concentration exhibited a maximum in the winter and a minimum in the summer with summer: winter ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:1.6 for benzene and 1,3-butadiene, respectively. Across the period investigated (2000–2020), the concentrations of benzene decreased by 85% and 1,3-butadiene concentrations by 91%. A notable difference could be seen between the two decades studied (2000–2010, 2010–2020) with a significantly greater drop evident in the first decade than in the second, proving, whilst previously successful, legislative interventions are no longer sufficiently limiting ambient concentrations of these pollutants. The health impacts of these pollutants are discussed, and cancer impact indices were utilized allowing estimation of cancer impacts across the past 20 years for different site types. Those particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of benzene and 1,3-butadiene pollution are discussed.
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