An Unexpected Oxidosqualene Cyclase Active Site Architecture in the Iris tectorum Multifunctional α-Amyrin Synthase.

An Unexpected Oxidosqualene Cyclase Active Site Architecture in the Iris tectorum Multifunctional α-Amyrin Synthase.
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虹膜顶盖中意想不到的氧化角鲨烯环化酶活性位点结构多功能α-香树脂素合酶

DOI:
10.1021/acscatal.0c03231
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发表时间:
2020-08-21
期刊:
影响因子:
12.9
通讯作者:
Duan L
Duan L
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu S;Zhang F;Xiong W;Molnár I;Liang J;Ji A;Wang C;Wang S;Liu Z;Wu R;Duan L

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氧化橙烯合成酶(OSCs)催化有序的多环化反应,将一种常见的线性前体物质转变为结构复杂且具有不同生物活性的三萜类支架。我们从Iris tectorum鉴定了三个OSCs。ItOSC2是一种罕见的多功能α-淀粉样蛋白合成酶。序列比较、定点突变和多尺度模拟表明,Y531/L256/L258这三个空间聚集的残基在活性部位形成了一个不寻常的Y-LL三联体,取代了在其他芳香胺蛋白合成酶中存在的高度保守的W-XY三联体。在ItOSC2中这一前所未有的活性部位结构的发现突显了萜烯环化酶催化机制的可塑性,并为蛋白质工程向定制设计的OSCs开辟了新的途径。Iris tectorum的α-芳香蛋白合成酶的活性位置室具有不寻常的空间聚集残基的三联体。在高度复杂和有序的催化级联反应的后期阶段,这三个三联体对于确定四环和五环结构以及由多能共同中间体生成的产物的化学多样性至关重要。
Ordered polycyclization catalyzed by oxidosqualene synthases (OSCs) morph a common linear precursor into structurally complex and diverse triterpene scaffolds with varied bioactivities. We identified three OSCs from Iris tectorum. ItOSC2 is a rare multifunctional α-amyrin synthase. Sequence comparisons, site-directed mutagenesis and multiscale simulations revealed that three spatially clustered residues, Y531/L256/L258 form an unusual Y-LL triad at the active site, replacing the highly conserved W-xY triad occurring in other amyrin synthases. The discovery of this unprecedented active site architecture in ItOSC2 underscores the plasticity of terpene cyclase catalytic mechanisms and opens new avenues for protein engineering towards custom designed OSCs. The active site chamber of the α-amyrin synthase of Iris tectorum features an unusual triad of spatially clustered residues. This triad is crucial in determining the 4th and 5th ring architecture and the chemical diversity of products generated from pluripotent common intermediates at the late stages of a highly complex and ordered catalytic cascade.
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