Lower temperatures decrease worker size variation but do not affect fine-grained thermoregulation in bumble bees
Lower temperatures decrease worker size variation but do not affect fine-grained thermoregulation in bumble bees
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较低的温度会减少工蜂体型的变化，但不会影响大黄蜂的细粒度体温调节
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
A. Dornhaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kelemen;A. Dornhaus
生物系统中的表型变异是普遍存在的，通常被认为是适应社会昆虫。当地的环境因素，如温度，可能会影响产生的表型变异，并产生深入了解的机制，产生这种群体水平的结果。例如，巢内温度的细微异质性可能会直接影响幼虫的发育，或间接诱导群体成员行为的变化，从而产生表型变异。为了了解温度在产生表型变异中的作用，我们研究了巢内的小气候差异是否会产生通常在熊蜂（熊蜂凤仙花）殖民地中观察到的工人大小的变化。我们还测试了菌落暴露的环境温度的变化是否会影响它们产生的大小变化。我们通过热成像记录了育雏温度，并测量了保持在30和20 °C环境温度下的菌落产生的工蜂的胸部宽度。总的来说，平均育雏温度在整个巢中没有差异，即使非育雏结构的平均温度（即，蜜罐）散布在育雏中，向外围减少，表明蜜蜂能够以精细的尺度调节育雏温度。然而，我们发现产生的尺寸变化对环境温度敏感，并且在较温暖的温度下增加。这些结果表明，熊蜂有一种独特的细粒度温度调节方法，它们调节育雏温度，但不调节育雏之间的区域。此外，虽然温度不是产生大小变化的机制，但它间接影响了产生大小变化的机制。我们研究了发育中的工人所经历的热环境，即，育雏，影响B内产生的工蜂间尺寸差异。凤仙花群落。我们发现，温度只间接影响大小的变化，作为大小的变化增加温暖的巢温度下，但育雏的温度并没有不同的巢。我们的发现，工人保持一个统一的环境，育雏不同于以往的结果检查整个巢的摄食率，并表明，虽然相同的工人往往饲料和thermoregulate育雏，他们这样做，根据不同的规则，并通过影响工人的行为，如摄食率，温度影响大小的变化。
Phenotypic variation within biological systems is ubiquitous and often assumed to be adaptive in social insects. Local environmental factors, such as temperature, may affect the phenotypic variation produced, and yield insights into the mechanisms that generate this group-level outcome. For instance, fine-scale heterogeneity in temperature across the nest may generate phenotypic variation by affecting larval development directly, or indirectly by inducing changes in the behavior of group members. To understand the role of temperature in producing phenotypic variation, we studied whether microclimatic differences within the nest could produce the worker size variation commonly observed in bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) colonies. We also tested if changes to the ambient temperature that colonies are exposed to influences the size variation they produced. We recorded brood temperature via thermal imaging and measured thorax widths of workers produced by colonies kept at ambient temperatures of 30 and 20 °C. Overall, average brood temperature did not differ across the nest even while the average temperature of non-brood structures (i.e., honeypots) interspersed among the brood decreased towards the periphery, demonstrating that bees were able to regulate brood temperature at a fine scale. However, we found that the size variation produced was sensitive to ambient temperature and increased under warmer temperatures. These results demonstrate that bumble bees have a unique method of fine-grained thermoregulation, where they regulate brood temperature but not the regions between brood. Additionally, while temperature is not the mechanism that produces size variation, it indirectly influences the mechanism that does.Significance statementMorphological variation among group members affects group performance. We studied how the thermal environment experienced by developing workers, i.e., brood, influences the between-worker size variation produced within B. impatiens colonies. We found that temperature only indirectly influences size variation, as size variation increased under warmer nest temperatures, yet the temperature of brood did not differ across the nest. Our finding that workers maintain a uniform environment for the brood differs from previous results examining feeding rates across the nest and suggests that while the same workers tend to feed and thermoregulate the brood, they do so according to different rules and that by influencing worker behaviors, such as feeding rate, temperature affects size variation.
影响因子：
23.8
作者：
Stillwell RC;Blanckenhorn WU;Teder T;Davidowitz G;Fox CW
通讯作者：
Fox CW