Causalities of war: The connection between type VI secretion system and microbiota.
Causalities of war: The connection between type VI secretion system and microbiota.
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DOI：
10.1111/cmi.13153
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Filloux A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allsopp LP;Bernal P;Nolan LM;Filloux A
微生物区系具有空间和/或营养限制，这导致了种群内的合作、专业化和竞争的共同进化。不同的动物和环境生态位包含特定的驻留微生物区系，它们往往随着时间的推移保持稳定，并提供保护以抵御不受欢迎的入侵者。然而，可能会发生通量，从而改变细菌种群的组成。在人类中，微生物区系现在被认为是维持健康和动态平衡的关键因素，它的改变会导致生物失调。细菌VI型分泌系统(T6SS)将蛋白质输送到环境中，直接进入宿主细胞，或者通过杀死周围的竞争对手发挥抗菌武器的作用。当与邻近细胞接触时，T6SS启动，传递有效载荷的效应蛋白。在缺乏免疫蛋白的情况下，这会导致猎物的生长抑制或死亡，从而为攻击者带来竞争优势。越来越明显的是，T6SS在多个水平上调节和塑造微生物区系，这是本综述的重点。这里讨论的是T6SS，它在竞争中的作用，它对微生物区系影响的关键例子，以及未来的研究途径。
Microbiota niches have space and/or nutrient restrictions, which has led to the coevolution of cooperation, specialisation, and competition within the population. Different animal and environmental niches contain defined resident microbiota that tend to be stable over time and offer protection against undesired intruders. Yet fluxes can occur, which alter the composition of a bacterial population. In humans, the microbiota are now considered a key contributor to maintenance of health and homeostasis, and its alteration leads to dysbiosis. The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) transports proteins into the environment, directly into host cells or can function as an antibacterial weapon by killing surrounding competitors. Upon contact with neighbouring cells, the T6SS fires, delivering a payload of effector proteins. In the absence of an immunity protein, this results in growth inhibition or death of prey leading to a competitive advantage for the attacker. It is becoming apparent that the T6SS has a role in modulating and shaping the microbiota at multiple levels, which is the focus of this review. Discussed here is the T6SS, its role in competition, key examples of its effect upon the microbiota, and future avenues of research.
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