Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction.
Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.038
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发表时间：
2009-10-13
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Koob GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koob GF
调节唤醒和压力的大脑情感系统的失调是药物成瘾病理生理学的关键组成部分。药物成瘾是一种慢性复发性疾病，其特征是强迫性地寻求和服用药物，并在药物被移除时产生依赖性和表现出消极的情绪状态。大脑应激系统的激活被假设为是依赖性产生的负面情绪状态的关键因素，依赖性通过负强化机制驱动药物寻求。本综述的重点是两个关键的大脑唤醒/应激系统在依赖性发展中的作用。重点放在促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）和去甲肾上腺素的神经药理作用下丘脑外系统的扩展杏仁核，包括中央核的杏仁核，床核的终纹，和过渡区的壳的杏仁核。令人信服的证据表明，这些大脑压力系统，一个迄今为止在很大程度上被忽视的依赖和成瘾的组成部分，发挥了关键作用，参与过渡到依赖和维持依赖一旦启动。了解大脑压力和抗压力系统在成瘾中的作用不仅可以深入了解成瘾的“黑暗面”的神经生物学，还可以深入了解指导动机行为的基本大脑情感回路的组织和功能。
Dysregulation of the brain emotional systems that mediate arousal and stress is a key component of the pathophysiology of drug addiction. Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to seek and take drugs and the development of dependence and manifestation of a negative emotional state when the drug is removed. Activation of brain stress systems is hypothesized to be a key element of the negative emotional state produced by dependence that drives drug-seeking through negative reinforcement mechanisms. The focus of the present review is on the role of two key brain arousal/stress systems in the development of dependence. Emphasis is placed on the neuropharmacological actions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and norepinephrine in extrahypothalamic systems in the extended amygdala, including the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and a transition area in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. Compelling evidence argues that these brain stress systems, a heretofore largely neglected component of dependence and addiction, play a key role in engaging the transition to dependence and maintaining dependence once it is initiated. Understanding the role of the brain stress and anti-stress systems in addiction not only provides insight into the neurobiology of the “dark side” of addiction but also provides insight into the organization and function of basic brain emotional circuitry that guides motivated behavior.
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