When memory is not enough: electrophysiological evidence for goal-dependent use of working memory representations in guiding visual attention.
When memory is not enough: electrophysiological evidence for goal-dependent use of working memory representations in guiding visual attention.
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.2011.21602
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发表时间：
2011-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Woodman GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlisle NB;Woodman GF
偏向竞争理论认为，工作记忆中的表征驱动视觉注意选择相似的输入。然而，这一假设的行为测试导致了混合的结果。这些不一致的发现可能是由于行为测量无法可靠地检测到记忆表征对注意力部署的早期自动影响。或者，执行机制可能会控制工作记忆表征如何影响基于更高层次目标的注意力。在本研究中，我们测试了这些假设，使用被试的事件相关电位（ERP）的N2 PC组件，直接测量的早期部署的内隐注意。参与者在一个数组中寻找一个目标，这个数组有时包含一个记忆匹配的干扰项。在实验1-3中，我们操纵了目标辨别的难度和干扰物的接近度，但一致地观察到，内隐注意被部署到搜索目标，而不是记忆匹配的干扰物。在实验4中，我们发现，当参与者的目标涉及到记忆匹配的项目，这些项目引起了一个大的和早期的N2 PC。我们的研究结果表明，仅靠工作记忆表征不足以指导视觉注意力对匹配输入的早期部署，并且目标依赖性执行控制介导了工作记忆表征和视觉注意力之间的相互作用。
Biased competition theory proposes that representations in working memory drive visual attention to select similar inputs. However, behavioral tests of this hypothesis have led to mixed results. These inconsistent findings could be due to the inability of behavioral measures to reliably detect the early, automatic effects on attentional deployment that the memory representations exert. Alternatively, executive mechanisms may govern how working memory representations influence attention based on higher-level goals. In the present study, we tested these hypotheses using the N2pc component of participants’ event-related potentials (ERPs) to directly measure the early deployments of covert attention. Participants searched for a target in an array that sometimes contained a memory-matching distractor. In Experiments 1–3, we manipulated the difficulty of the target discrimination and the proximity of distractors, but consistently observed that covert attention was deployed to the search targets and not the memory-matching distractors. In Experiment 4, we showed that when participants’ goal involved attending to memory-matching items that these items elicited a large and early N2pc. Our findings demonstrate that working memory representations alone are not sufficient to guide early deployments of visual attention to matching inputs and that goal-dependent executive control mediates the interactions between working memory representations and visual attention.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kumar, Sanjay;Soto, David;Humphreys, Glyn W.
通讯作者：
Humphreys, Glyn W.
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.28.1.22
发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Olivers, CNL;Humphreys, GW
通讯作者：
Humphreys, GW
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.423
发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Houtkamp, R;Roelfsema, PR
通讯作者：
Roelfsema, PR
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
KOWLER, E;ANDERSON, E;BLASER, E
通讯作者：
BLASER, E
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Hickey, Clayton;Di Lollo, Vincent;McDonald, John J.
通讯作者：
McDonald, John J.