Landscape configuration affects probability of apex predator presence and community structure in experimental metacommunities.
Landscape configuration affects probability of apex predator presence and community structure in experimental metacommunities.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-022-05178-9
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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生物多样性正以前所未有的速度下降，这凸显了精心设计保护区的迫切需求。先前提出的促进生物多样性的设计策略包括增加保护区斑块的数量、连通性和异质性。然而，这些特征的重要性如何根据保护目标的不同而变化，人们对此仍知之甚少。在此，我们利用含有纤毛虫原生动物的实验景观来研究栖息地斑块的数量和大小异质性、相邻斑块之间的扩散率以及在非栖息地“基质”中扩散的死亡风险如何相互作用，从而影响多种多样性指标。我们发现，增加斑块数量能显著提高γ多样性，并减少灭绝的总数，而斑块大小不均的景观比斑块大小均匀的景观具有显著更高的γ多样性。此外，捕食者的反应取决于它们的食性特化程度，广食性捕食者在单个大斑块中的存在率最高，而专食性捕食者在有基质扩散的几个小斑块中的存在率最高。我们的证据强调了考虑多种多样性指标以理清群落对斑块配置反应的重要性。
网络版包含补充材料，可在10.1007/s00442 - 2022 - 05178 - 9获取。
Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, highlighting the urgent requirement for well-designed protected areas. Design tactics previously proposed to promote biodiversity include enhancing the number, connectivity, and heterogeneity of reserve patches. However, how the importance of these features changes depending on what the conservation objective is remains poorly understood. Here we use experimental landscapes containing ciliate protozoa to investigate how the number and heterogeneity in size of habitat patches, rates of dispersal between neighbouring patches, and mortality risk of dispersal across the non-habitat ‘matrix’ interact to affect a number of diversity measures. We show that increasing the number of patches significantly increases γ diversity and reduces the overall number of extinctions, whilst landscapes with heterogeneous patch sizes have significantly higher γ diversity than those with homogeneous patch sizes. Furthermore, the responses of predators depended on their feeding specialism, with generalist predator presence being highest in a single large patch, whilst specialist predator presence was highest in several-small patches with matrix dispersal. Our evidence emphasises the importance of considering multiple diversity measures to disentangle community responses to patch configuration. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00442-022-05178-9.
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