Latitude, Vitamin D, Melatonin, and Gut Microbiota Act in Concert to Initiate Multiple Sclerosis: A New Mechanistic Pathway.
Latitude, Vitamin D, Melatonin, and Gut Microbiota Act in Concert to Initiate Multiple Sclerosis: A New Mechanistic Pathway.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02484
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Farhadi N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghareghani M;Reiter RJ;Zibara K;Farhadi N
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统（CNS）的炎症性脱髓鞘疾病。虽然多发性硬化症的病因尚不清楚，但科学家认为，多种内源性和外源性因素的相互作用可能与这种疾病有关。流行病学家发现，在高纬度国家，多发性硬化症的患病率有所增加，这些国家的阳光有限，人们维生素 D 缺乏且褪黑激素水平较高。虽然维生素D和褪黑激素的功能和合成相反，但两者都参与免疫系统。虽然褪黑激素的合成会受到光的影响，但维生素 D 缺乏可能会影响褪黑激素的分泌。另一方面，维生素 D 缺乏会减少肠道钙吸收，导致肠道淤滞，从而增加肠道通透性。后者允许肠道微生物将更多的内毒素（例如脂多糖（LPS））转移到血液中。 LPS 刺激中枢神经系统内炎症细胞因子的产生，尤其是松果体。本综述总结了目前关于纬度、阳光和维生素 D 之间相关性的研究结果，并详细介绍了它们对多发性硬化症中肠道钙吸收、肠道微生物群和神经炎症介质的影响。我们还提出了 MS 启动的新机制途径。
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, scientists believe that the interaction of several endogenous and exogenous factors may be involved in this disease. Epidemiologists have seen an increased prevalence of MS in countries at high latitudes, where the sunlight is limited and where the populations have vitamin D deficiency and high melatonin levels. Although the functions and synthesis of vitamin D and melatonin are contrary to each other, both are involved in the immune system. While melatonin synthesis is affected by light, vitamin D deficiency may be involved in melatonin secretion. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency reduces intestinal calcium absorption leading to gut stasis and subsequently increasing gut permeability. The latter allows gut microbiota to transfer more endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the blood. LPS stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines within the CNS, especially the pineal gland. This review summarizes the current findings on the correlation between latitude, sunlight and vitamin D, and details their effects on intestinal calcium absorption, gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mediators in MS. We also propose a new mechanistic pathway for the initiation of MS.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Buchholz BM;Bauer AJ
通讯作者：
Bauer AJ
维生素D/MOG关联治疗可抑制实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chiuso-Minicucci F;Ishikawa LL;Mimura LA;Fraga-Silva TF;França TG;Zorzella-Pezavento SF;Marques C;Ikoma MR;Sartori A
通讯作者：
Sartori A
影响因子：
3
作者：
Disanto, Giulio;Morahan, Julia M.;Ramagopalan, Sreeram V.
通讯作者：
Ramagopalan, Sreeram V.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Chow, JC;Young, DW;Gusovsky, F
通讯作者：
Gusovsky, F
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chen J;Chia N;Kalari KR;Yao JZ;Novotna M;Paz Soldan MM;Luckey DH;Marietta EV;Jeraldo PR;Chen X;Weinshenker BG;Rodriguez M;Kantarci OH;Nelson H;Murray JA;Mangalam AK
通讯作者：
Mangalam AK